ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Modeling Longitudinal and Transverse Velocity Profiles Upstream of an Orifice Using the FLOW-3D Model
The current study investigated the longitudinal flow velocity profile upstream of an orifice for different water depths using the FLOW-3D model. Experimental design was used along with LES, Laminar, and turbulence models to calibrate the model. The obtained results indicated that turbulence models had almost high and equal accuracy for predicting longitudinal velocity profiles. For various depths upstream of the orifice, the general form of the longitudinal velocity profile followed an exponential function with high accuracy. Moreover, at larger-distance upstream of the orifice, the transverse velocity profile became uniform. Eventually, it was found that with the rise in the depth upstream of the orifice by eight times, the shear stress created on the bed increased by 148%.
https://jise.scu.ac.ir/article_16489_4bfd28b72749c16eb8e6eaa2f49b6aee.pdf
2021-06-22
1
9
10.22055/jise.2021.36268.1943
Flushing
orifice
Turbulence model
Shear Stress
Soraya
Naderi
soraya.naderi20@gmail.com
1
MS Student, Department of Water Structures, Faculty of Water and Environmental Engineering, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran.
AUTHOR
Mehdi
Daryaee
m.daryaee@scu.ac.ir
2
Assistant Professor, Department of Water Structures, Faculty of Water and Environmental Engineering, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran.
LEAD_AUTHOR
Seyed Mahmoud
Kashefipour
kashefipour@scu.ac.ir
3
Professor, Department of Water Structures, Faculty of Water and Environmental Engineering, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran.
AUTHOR
MohamadReza
Zayeri
m.zayri@yahoo.com
4
Assistant Professor, Department of Water Structures, Faculty of Water and Environmental Engineering, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran.
AUTHOR
1- Bryant, D.B., Khan, A.A. and Aziz, N.M., 2008. Investigation of flow upstream of orifices. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 134(1), pp.98-104.
1
2- Chanson, H., Aoki, S.I. and Maruyama, M., 2002. Unsteady two-dimensional orifice flow: a large-size experimental investigation. Journal of Hydraulic Research, 40(1), pp.63-71.
2
3- Chapokpour, J., Ghasemzadeh, F. and Farhoudi, J., 2012. The numerical investigation on vortex flow behavior using FLOW-3D. Iranica Journal of Energy & Environment, 3(1), pp.88-96.-
3
4- Dargahi, B., 2010. Flow characteristics of bottom outlets with moving gates. Journal of Hydraulic Research, 48(4), pp.476-482.
4
5- Powell, D.N. and Khan, A.A., 2011. Sediment transport mechanics upstream of an orifice. Journal of visualization, 14(4), pp.315-320.
5
6- Powell, D.N. and Khan, A.A., 2012. Scour upstream of a circular orifice under constant head. Journal of hydraulic research, 50(1), pp.28-34..
6
7- Powell, D.N. and Khan, A.A., 2015. Flow field upstream of an orifice under fixed bed and equilibrium scour conditions. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 141(2), p.04014076.
7
8- Shahmirzadi, M.M., Dehghani, A.A., Meftahh, M. and Mosaedi, A., 2010. Experimental investigation of pressure flushing technique in reservoir storages. Water Geosci, 1, pp.132-137.
8
9- Shammaa, Y., Zhu, D.Z. and Rajaratnam, N., 2009. Flow field in a rectangular basin with a line inlet and a circular outlet. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 135(10), pp.857-864.
9
10- Wei G, Brethour J, Grünzner M, Burnham J. The sedimentation scour model in FLOW-3D®. Flow Sci. Rep. 2014 Jun:3-14.
10
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Performance Assessment of Wheel Move and Linear Moving Irrigation Systems in Different Climatic Conditions
The use of sprinkler irrigation systems have been significantly expanded over the last decades in Iran. Among the sprinkler irrigation systems, solid set systems have recently aroused much attention. However, fewer studies focused on the performance of mechanized sprinkler systems such as wheel move (WM) and linear moving system (LM). In this research, LM system and six WM systems were evaluated under two different climatic conditions, so that 12 and 8 field assessment tests were conducted for the WM and LM systems, respectively. Three indicators including Christiansen's uniformity coefficient (CU), distribution uniformity of low quarter (DUlq), and application efficiency of low quarter (AELQ) were used to describe the performance of the selected irrigation systems. As for WM systems, the calculated CU averages were 77.9% and 64.7% for low and high wind speed conditions, respectively, and also the number for LM system shown to be 81.7% and 72.3%, respectively. Regarding the same conditions, the AELQ averages for WM systems were seen to be 59.9% and 38.6%, respectively, and for LM system were 70.2% and 54.3%, respectively. The increase in the wind speed led to a reduction in water distribution uniformity, and however, wind effect on the performance of the WM systems was more than the LM system. Thus, it deserves to be pointed out that the LM system is an appropriate option compared to the WM system in various climatic conditions. Water pressure, sprinklers distance, and irrigation program were identified as the other factors, affecting the performance of sprinkler irrigation systems.
https://jise.scu.ac.ir/article_16689_ecbb1922847f947d2e18124af78f42ca.pdf
2021-06-22
11
24
10.22055/jise.2021.34738.1928
Wheel move
Irrigation system
Distribution uniformity
Application efficiency
Wind speed
Zeinab
Bigdeli
z.bigdeli.20@gmail.com
1
Ph.D. Candidate, Department of Water Engineering, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
AUTHOR
Hasan
Ojaghlou
h.ojaghlou@gmail.com
2
Assistant Professor, Department of Water Science and Engineering, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran.
LEAD_AUTHOR
Abedinpour M, 2017. Field evaluation of center pivot sprinkler irrigation system in the North-East of Iran. Journal of Water and Land Development 34(1): 3-9.
1
ABNT (ASSOCIAÇÃO BRASILEIRA DE NORMAS TÉCNICAS). NBR 14244: equipamentos de irrigação mecanizada Pivô central e lateral móvel providos de emissores fixos ou rotativos Determinação da uniformidade de distribuição de água. Rio de Janeiro, 1998. 11p.
2
Ahaneku IE, 2010. Performance evaluation of portable sprinkler irrigation system in Ilorin, Nigeria. Indian Journal of Science and Technology Vol. 3 p: 853–857.
3
Al-Ghobari HM, 2010. The performance of the center pivot irrigation systems under Riyadh region conditions in Saudi Arabia. Journal of the Saudi Society of Agricultural Sciences 9(2): 55-68 .
4
Andrés R, Cuchí JA, 2014. Analysis of sprinkler irrigation management in the LASESA district, Mongers (Spain). Agricultural Water Management 131: 95-107.
5
ASABE, 2007. Test procedure for determining the uniformity of water distribution of center pivot and lateral move irrigation machines equipped with spray or sprinkler nozzles. ASAE standards 2007, ANSI/ASAE S436.1 JUN1996 (R2007). ASABE, Saint Joseph, pp 1033–1039.
6
Boroomand Nasab S, Baradarane-Hezave F, Behzad M, 2007. Technical Evaluation of Sprinkler Irrigation Systems in Arak, Iran. Journal of Applied Sciences 7: 3338-3341.
7
Chávez JL, Pierce FJ, Evans RG, 2010. Compensating inherent linear move water application errors using a variable rate irrigation system. Irrigation science 28(3): 203-210.
8
Dechmi F, Playan E, Cavero J, Faci J M, Martinez-Cob A, 2003. Wind effects on solid set sprinkler irrigation depth and yield of maize (Zea mays). Irrig. Sci., 2003; 19: 165–173.
9
Dukes MD, 2006. Effect of wind speed and pressure on linear move irrigation systuniformity. Applied engineering in agriculture 22(4): 541-548.
10
Evans RG, Sadler EJ, 2008. Methods and technologies to improve efficiency of water use. Water Resource Res 44, W00E04. doi: 10.1029/2007WR006200.
11
Faria LC, Beskow S, Colombo A, Nörenberg BG, Rettore Neto O, Simões MC, 2016. Influence of the wind on water application uniformity of a mechanical lateral move irrigation equipment using rotating plate Ciência Rural 46(1): 83-88.
12
Ghorbani B, Amini M, 2011. Assessment of sprinkler irrigation systems operation at Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province, Iran. In ICID 21st International Congress on Irrigation and Drainage pp: 15-23.
13
Kara T, Ekmekci E, Apan M, 2008. Determining the uniformity coefficient and water distribution characteristics of some sprinklers. Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences, 2008; 11: 214–219.
14
Keller J, Bliesner RD, 1990. Sprinkle and trickle irrigation. Chapman & Hall, an AVI book, New York. ISBN 0-412-07951-1.
15
Li L H, Zhang X Y, Qiao X D, Liu G M, 2016. Analysis of the decrease of center pivot sprinkling system uniformity and its impact on maize yield. Int J Agric & Biol Eng, 2016; 9(4): 108-
16
Marzban H, Sadraei Javaheri A, Zibaei M, Nazemosadat S M J, Karimi L., 2019. Study of the Status of Resources and Water Consumption in Iran and Improving the Situation. Journal of Water and Wastewater; Ab va Fazilab (in persian), 30(4), 16-32.
17
Merriam JL, Keller J, 1978. Farm irrigation system evaluation: A guide for management. Farm irrigation system evaluation: a guide for management.
18
Msibi ST, Kihupi NI, Tarimo AKPR, 2014. Performance of center pivot sprinkler irrigation system and its effect on crop yield at Ubombo Sugar Estate. Research Journal of Engineering Sciences.Vol. 3. Iss. 5 p: 1–11.
19
Noreldin T, Ouda S, Mounzer O, Abdelhamid MT, CropSyst model for wheat under deficit irrigation using sprinkler and drip irrigation in sandy soil. Journal of Water and Land Development No. 26 p: 57–64.
20
Postel S, 1999. Pillar of sand: can the irrigation miracle last? World watch Books, W. W. Norton & Co, New York, 312 p.
21
Rossi MJ, Ares JO, 2015. Efficiency improvement in linear-move sprinkler systems through moderate runoff–runon control. Irrigation science 33(3): 205-219.
22
Sadeghi SH, Peters T, Shafii B, Amini MZ, Stöckle C, 2017. Continuous variation of wind drift and evaporation losses under a linear move irrigation system. Agricultural water management 182: 39-54.
23
Schneider AD, 2000. Efficiency and uniformity of the LEPA and spray sprinkler methods. A review. Trans. ASAE 43(4):937-944.
24
Seyyedi H, Anagnostou, EN., 2011, December. The Soil Moisture Dependence of TRMM Microwave Imager Rainfall Estimates. In AGU Fall Meeting Abstracts.
25
Stone KC, Hunt RG, Cantrell KB, Ro KS, 2010. The potential impacts of biomass feedstock production on water resource availability. Bioresour Technol 101(6):2014–2025.
26
Sui R, Fisher DK, 2015. Field test of a center pivot irrigation system. Applied engineering in agriculture 31(1): 83-88.
27
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Investigation of the Effect of Ramp Angle on Chute Aeration System Efficiency by Two-Phase Flow Analysis
Flow aeration in chute spillway is one of the most effective and economic ways to prevent cavitation damage. Surface damage is significantly reduced when very small values of air are scattered in a water prism. A structure known as an aerator may be used for this purpose. Besides, ramp angle is one of the factors influencing aerator efficiency. In this research, the value of air entraining the flow through the Jarreh Dam’s spillway at the ramp angles of 6, 8 and 10 degrees, as three different scenarios, was simulated using the Flow-3D software. In order to validate the results of the inlet air into the flowing fluid at a ramp angle of 6 degrees, the observational results of the dam spillway physical model from the laboratory of TAMAB Company in Iran were used. According to the results, raising the ramp angle increases the inlet air to the water jet nappe, and a ten-degree ramp angle provides the best aeration efficiency. The Flow-3D model can also simulate the two-phase water-air flow on spillways, according to the results.
https://jise.scu.ac.ir/article_16929_9b4746af3ac70e59ba70f6683c484508.pdf
2021-06-22
25
38
10.22055/jise.2021.37743.1980
Aeration system
Ramp angle
Aeration coefficient
Two-Phase Flow
Flow-3D model
Babak
Lashkar-Ara
babak_lashkarara@yahoo.com
1
Associate Professor, Civil Engineering Department, Jundi-Shapur University of Technology, Dezful, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Leila
Najafi
najafi@jsu.ac.ir
2
Instructor in Civil Engineering Department Jundi-Shapur University of Technology, Dezful,Iran.
AUTHOR
Baharvand, S., & Lashkar-Ara, B. (2021). Hydraulic design criteria of the modified meander C-type fishway using the combined experimental and CFD models. Ecological Engineering, 164. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoleng.2021.106207
1
2- Bayon, A., Toro, J. P., Bombardelli, F. A., Matos, J., & López-Jiménez, P. A. (2018). Influence of VOF technique, turbulence model and discretization scheme on the numerical simulation of the non-aerated, skimming flow in stepped spillways. Journal of Hydro-Environment Research, 19, 137–149. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jher.2017.10.002
2
3- Brethour, J. M., & Hirt, C. W. (2009). Drift Model for Two-Component Flows. Flow Science, Inc., FSI-09-TN83Rev, 1–7.
3
4- Chanson, H. (1989). Study of air entrainment and aeration devices. Journal of Hydraulic Research, 27(3), 301–319. https://doi.org/10.1080/00221688909499166
4
5- Dong, Z., Wang, J., Vetsch, D. F., Boes, R. M., & Tan, G. (2019). Numerical simulation of air-water two-phase flow on stepped spillways behind X-shaped flaring gate piers under very high unit discharge. Water (Switzerland), 11(10). https://doi.org/10.3390/w11101956
5
6- Flow-3D, V. 11. 2. (2017). User Manual. Flow Science Inc.: Santa Fe, NM, USA;
6
7- Hirt, C. W. (2003). Modeling Turbulent Entrainment of Air at a Free Surface. Flow Science, Inc., FSI-03-TN6, 1–9.
7
8- Hirt, C. W. (2016). Dynamic Droplet Sizes for Drift Fluxes. Flow Science, Inc., 1–10.
8
9- Hirt, C. W., & Nichols, B. D. (1981). Volume of fluid (VOF) method for the dynamics of free boundaries. Journal of Computational Physics, 39(1), 201–225. https://doi.org/10.1016/0021-9991(81)90145-5
9
10- Kherbache, K., Chesneau, X., Zeghmati, B., Abide, S., & Benmamar, S. (2017). The effects of step inclination and air injection on the water flow in a stepped spillway: A numerical study. Journal of Hydrodynamics, 29(2), 322–331. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1001-6058(16)60742-4
10
11- Kramer, M., & Chanson, H. (2019). Optical flow estimations in aerated spillway flows: Filtering and discussion on sampling parameters. Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science, 103, 318–328. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.expthermflusci.2018.12.002
11
12- Mahmoudian, Z., Baharvand, S., & Lashkarara, B. (2019). Investigating the Flow Pattern in Baffle Fishway Denil Type. Irrigation Sciences and Engineering (JISE), 42(3), 179–196.
12
13- Meireles, I. C., Bombardelli, F. A., & Matos, J. (2014). Air entrainment onset in skimming flows on steep stepped spillways: An analysis. Journal of Hydraulic Research, 52(3). https://doi.org/10.1080/00221686.2013.878401
13
14- Parsaie, A., & Haghiabi, A. H. (2019). Inception point of flow aeration on quarter-circular crested stepped spillway. Flow Measurement and Instrumentation, 69. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2019.101618
14
15- Richardson, J. F., & Zaki W N. (1979). Sedimentation and Fluidisation. Part 1. Trans. Inst. Chem. Eng, 32, 35–53.
15
16- Shamloo, H., Hoseini Ghafari, S., & Kavianpour, M. (2012). Experimental study on the effects of inlet flows on aeration in chute spillway (Case study: Jare Dam, Iran). 10th International Congress on Advances in Civil Engineering, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey.
16
17- Wang, S. Y., Hou, D. M., & Wang, C. H. (2012). Aerator of stepped chute in Murum Hydropower Station. Procedia Engineering, 28, 803–807. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2012.01.813.
17
18- Wei, W., Deng, J., & Zhang, F. (2016). Development of self-aeration process for supercritical chute flows. International Journal of Multiphase Flow, 79, 172–180. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijmultiphaseflow.2015.11.003
18
19- Wu, J., QIAN, S., & MA, F. (2016). A new design of ski-jump-step spillway. Journal of Hydrodynamics, 05, 914–917.
19
20- Xu, Y., Wang, W., Yong, H., & Zhao, W. (2012). Investigation on the cavity backwater of the jet flow from the chute aerators. Procedia Engineering, 31, 51–56. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2012.01.989
20
21- Yakhot, V., & Orszag, S. A. (1986). Renormalization group analysis of turbulence. I. Basic theory. Journal of Scientific Computing, 1(1), 3–51. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01061452
21
22- Yang, J., Teng, P., & Lin, C. (2019). Air-vent layouts and water-air flow behaviors of a wide spillway aerator. Theoretical and Applied Mechanics Letters, 9(2), 130–143. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.taml.2019.02.009
22
23- Zhang, G., & Chanson, H. (2016). Interaction between free-surface aeration and total pressure on a stepped chute. Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science, 74, 368–381. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.expthermflusci.2015.12.011
23
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Hydrological Simulation of Bakhtegan Basin in Iran Using the SWAT Model
Continuous-time, distributed parameter hydrologic models like SWAT have opened several opportunities to boost watershed modeling accuracy. This study has described the essential parameterization issues involved when predicting watershed stream runoff using SWAT. Understanding these issues is expected to guide to improved SWAT runoff prediction performance. This research describes the important parameterization issues involved when modeling watershed hydrology for runoff prediction using SWAT, emphasizing the thanks to improving model performance without resorting to the tedious and arbitrary parameter by parameter calibration. The Bakhtegan watershed was used to illustrate runoff prediction's sensitivity to spatial variability, watershed decomposition, and spatial and temporal adjustment of curve numbers and return flow contribution. The SWAT model finishes hydrological simulation with good performance calibration (2006 to 2012) and validation (2013) periods. SWAT was also conversant in predict runoff from Bakhtegan that has extensive subsurface drainage. If properly validated, the study showed that the SWAT model would be used effectively in testing management scenarios within the Bakhtegan watershed. The result showed that the Nash–Sutcliffe of calibration and the validation between simulated and observed are 0.71 and 0.74, respectively. The SWAT model application, supported by GIS technology, proved to be a flexible and reliable water decision-making tool.
https://jise.scu.ac.ir/article_16843_603dab168b6c5a62ac2d05340b32c879.pdf
2021-06-22
39
51
10.22055/jise.2021.36821.1964
Rainfall-runoff modeling
hydrological parameters
Bakhtegan
Mohammad
Zorratipour
mm55230@yahoo.com
1
PhD candidate of water resources engineering, Faculty of Water & Environmental Engineering, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran.
AUTHOR
Heidar
Zarei
zareih@scu.ac.ir
2
Associate professor, Faculty of Water & Environmental Engineering, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran.
LEAD_AUTHOR
Mohammad Reza
Sharifi
sharifi3010@gmail.com
3
Assistant professor, Faculty of Water & Environmental Engineering, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran.
AUTHOR
Feridoun
Radmanesh
feridon_radmanesh@yahoo.com
4
Associate professor, Faculty of Water & Environmental Engineering, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran.
AUTHOR
2009. K.C.; Faramarzi, M.; Ghasemi, S.S.; Yang, H. Assessing the impact of climate change on water resources in Iran. Water Resour. Res, 45, 1–16.
1
Anvar, N. 2010. Investigating the Effect of Land Use Change on Basin Discharge Using Remote Sensing (Case Study: Parts of Kor River Basin, Fars Province), MSc Thesis, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Shiraz. (In Persian).
2
Araújo, D., & Davids, K. 2016. Team synergies in sport: theory and measures. Frontiers in psychology, 7, 1449.
3
Arnold, J. G., & Fohrer, N. 2005. SWAT2000: current capabilities and research opportunities in applied watershed modelling. Hydrological Processes: An International Journal, 19(3), 563-572.
4
Arnold, J.G., Kiniry, J.R., Srinivasan, R., Williams, J.R., Haney, E.B. and Neitsch, S.L., 2011. Soil and water assessment tool input/output file documentation version 2009. Texas Water Resources Institute.
5
Boonwichai, S., Shrestha, S., Babel, M. S., Weesakul, S., & Datta, A. 2019. Evaluation of climate change impacts and adaptation strategies on rainfed rice production in Songkhram River Basin, Thailand. Science of the Total Environment, 652, 189-201.
6
Eini, M. R., Javadi, S., Delavar, M., Monteiro, J. A., & Darand, M. 2019. High accuracy of precipitation reanalyses resulted in good river discharge simulations in a semi-arid basin. Ecological engineering, 131, 107-119.
7
Ghodosi, M., Delavar,. M,. 2013. Effect of land use changes on hydrology of Aji Chay catchment and its entrance to Lake Urmia, Iranian Soil and Water Research. (In Persian).
8
Hosseini, M., Tabatabai, M., Makarian, Z., 2015. Estimation of water balance components Shekastian watershed in Fars province, the National Conference on Soil Conservation and Watershed Management, 21-19. (In Persian).
9
Koch, F. J. 2011. SWAT Optimization for Land Use Dynamics, Automated Land Use, Slope and Soil update in SWAT and its Effects on the Hydrological Response in the Choke Mountain Range (Ethiopia). MSc Thesis, Technical University of Cottbus.
10
Kolberg, A., Wenzel, C., Hackenstrass, K., Schwarzl, R., Rüttiger, C., Hugel, T., ... & Balzer, B. N. 2019. Opposing temperature dependence of the stretching response of single PEG and PNiPAM polymers. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 141(29), 11603-11613.
11
Kundu, S., Khare, D. and Mondal, A., 2017. Past, present and future land use changes and their impact on water balance. Journal of Environmental Management, 197, pp.582-596.
12
Leng, G & Hall, J. 2018. Crop yield sensitivity of global major agricultural countries to droughts and the projected changes in the future. Science of The Total Environment. 654. 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.10.434.
13
Mango, L.M., Melesse, A.M., McClain, M.E., Gann, D. and Setegn, S.G., 2011. Land use and climate change impacts on the hydrology of the upper Mara River Basin, Kenya: results of a modeling study to support better resource management. Hydrology and Earth System Sciences, 15(7), pp.2245-2258.
14
Madadgar, S., AghaKouchak, A., Farahmand, A., & Davis, S. J. 2017. Probabilistic estimates of drought impact on agricultural production. Geophysical Research Letters, 44(15), 7799-7807.
15
Matiu, M., Ankerst, D. P., & Menzel, A. 2017. Interactions between temperature and drought in global and regional crop yield variability during 1961-2014. PloS one, 12(5), e0178339.
16
Neitsch, S.L., Arnold, J.G., Kiniry, J.R. and Williams, J.R., 2011. Soil and water assessment tool theoretical documentation version 2009. Texas Water Resources Institute.
17
Shahvari, N., Khalilian, S., Mosavi, S. H., & Mortazavi, S. A. 2019. Assessing climate change impacts on water resources and crop yield: a case study of Varamin plain basin, Iran. Environmental monitoring and assessment, 191(3), 134.
18
Shrestha, R & Ngo Thanh, S. 2015. Effect of land use change on runoff and sediment yield in Da River Basin of Hoa Binh province, Northwest Vietnam. Journal of Mountain Science. 12. 1051-1064. 10.1007/s11629-013-2925-9.
19
Smarzyńska, K., & Miatkowski, Z. 2016. Calibration and validation of SWAT model for estimating water balance and nitrogen losses in a small agricultural watershed in central Poland. Journal of Water and Land Development, 29(1), 31-47.
20
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Experimental Study Effect of the Flexible Collar on Bridge Pier Scouring Depth
Bridge pier's local scouring is known to be a destructive factor in river engineering science. This phenomenon is widespread in river intersecting structures such as bridge piers, spur dykes, and downstream river structures. Extensive research has been conducted to reduce and control destructive phenomena, and many solutions have been proposed. These solutions are divided into two parts, namely, direct and indirect protection. In this study, the direct method was studied by defining scenarios. Since many bridges are affected by scouring during the operation, in the present study, the collar method, which is known as a direct protection method, in the case of flexible and permeable, is suggested. The technique is presented an adjustable chain collar, three times bigger than the pier's width (w/d=3), and its effect is investigated in clear water conditions. In the defined scenarios, three different diameters of the chain as CI=5 mm, CII=10 mm, and CIII=15 mm were used to control chain shapes' effect, and three dimensionless flow parameters (U/Uc 0.73, 0.85, and 0.96) were selected to investigate the effect of flow conditions. According to the results, the scour depth is related to changes in the diameter of the collar chain, as the final scour depth decreases by increasing the diameter of the chain from CI to CIII. Therefore, in the best conditions, for CIII, the dimensionless ratio of scouring reduction ( ) is equal to 71% near to inception motion parameter (U/Uc=0.96).
https://jise.scu.ac.ir/article_17065_0ead17a3be8870ebfccadabe1438681b.pdf
2021-06-22
53
66
10.22055/jise.2021.37936.1982
Bridge pier
Flexible Collar
Scour depth
Local Scouring
Horseshoe Vortex
Abbas
Safaei
a.safaei1991@gmail.com
1
Water Science and Environmental Research Center, Shoushtar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shoushtar, Iran.
AUTHOR
Mohsen
Solimani babarsad
mohsen.solb@gmail.com
2
Department of Water Sciences, Water Science and Environmental Research Center, Shoushtar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shoushtar, Iran.
LEAD_AUTHOR
Roozbeh
Aghamajidi
roozbehaghamajidi1396@gmail.com
3
Assistant Professor Civil Department, Islamic Azad University, Sepidan Branch, Sepidan, Iran.
AUTHOR
Payam
Eftekhar
p.eftekhar@gmail.com
4
Department of Water Engineering, Faculty of Civil and Environment Engineering, University of Amir Kabir (Poly Technic), Tehran, Iran.
AUTHOR
Adib, A.,Shiri, V. and Shafai Bejestan, M. (2019). On the Local Scour Around Group Piers in Series by Experimental Tests. Journal of Rehabilitation in Civil Engineering 7, 21-34.
1
Akhlaghi, E.,Babarsad, M.S.,Derikvand, E. and Abedini, M. (2020). Assessment the Effects of Different Parameters to Rate Scour around Single Piers and Pile Groups: A Review. Archives of Computational Methods in Engineering 27, 183-197.
2
Alem, Z.,Ghomeshi, M. and Mohammadi, S. (2013). The application of collar on the scour reduction at bridge rectangular abutment in composit channel. Irrigation and Water Engineering 3, 29-41.
3
Bahrami, N. and Ghomeshi, M. (2018). Effect of Netted Collar on Maximum Local Scouring Depth of Cubic Bridge Pile Groups. Amirkabir Journal of Civil Engineering 50, 655-664.
4
Chiew, Y.-M. (1995). Mechanics of riprap failure at bridge piers. Journal of hydraulic engineering 121, 635-643.
5
Chiew, Y.-M. and Melville, B.W. (1987). Local scour around bridge piers. Journal of hydraulic research 25, 15-26.
6
Garg, V.,Setia, B.,Singh, V. and Kumar, A. (2021). Scour protection around bridge pier and two-piers-in-tandem arrangement. ISH Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 1-13.
7
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8
Hemmati, M.,Gholizadeh, N. and Dolatkhah, S. (2017). Experimental Investigation of the Effect of Diameter and Placement Level of Lattice Collars on Scour Reduction around Bridge Pier. Plant protection (scientific journal of agriculture) 39, 111-122. (In Persian).
9
Jalili, A. and Ghomeshi, M. (2016). Influence of Netted Collar on Scour depth around of Cubic Bridge Pier. Irrigation Sciences and Engineering 39, 15-25. (In Persian).
10
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11
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12
Khozeymehnezhad, H. and Ghomeshi, M. (2016). Experimental Investigation of Collar Performance with Rough Surface on Local Scour Reduction around Bridge Abutment with Rectangular Section. Water and Soil Science 26, 213-223.
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15
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19
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20
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21
Shahsavari, H.,Moradi, S. and Khodashenas, S. (2020). Influence of Semicircular Collar Diameter and Its Alignment on Scour Depth and Flow Pattern around Bridge Abutment. Iranian Journal of Soil and Water Research 51, 77-91. (In Persian).
22
Solimani Babarsad, M.,Hojatkhah, A.,Safaei, A. and Aghamajidi, R. (2021). Laboratory investigation of deflector structure effect on bridge pier scouring. Irrigation Sciences and Engineering 43, 91-104. (In Persian).
23
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24
Solimani Babarsad, M.,Safaei, A. and Aghamajidi, R. (2021). Laboratory Study of Cable and Sill Protection on Scouring Pattern Around the Bridge Pier. Iranian Journal of Soil and Water Research 52, 523-538. (In Persian).
25
Taheri, z. and ghomeshi, m. (2018). Experimental study of the effect of netted collar position on scour depth around of oblong-shappe bridge pier.
26
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27
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29
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Evaluation of Interpolation Techniques for Estimating Groundwater Level and Groundwater Salinity in the Salman Farsi Sugarcane Plantation
Due to the essential role of groundwater resources as useable and depleting water resources, the study and management of groundwater exploitation are of great importance. Proper management of groundwater resources needs knowledge of the spatial variability of groundwater level and groundwater salinity over the study area. To obtain such information, appropriate interpolation and mapping of groundwater level and groundwater salinity based on a limited number of observations is needed. The purpose of the present study is to evaluate Ordinary Kriging and IDW interpolation techniques for estimating groundwater level and groundwater salinity in Salman Farsi Sugarcane Plantation (West of Iran). The results showed that the prediction accuracy of the Ordinary Kriging model for groundwater level and groundwater salinity parameters was higher than the IDW model. To this aim, the Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) value was calculated to simulate the groundwater level in Ordinary Kriging and IDW method by 1.02 and 2.14, respectively, and to simulate the salinity of groundwater by 1.45 and 2.79. Due to the acceptable accuracy of the results of the Kriging model, planners can, by updating the data of this model, use it to predict the quantity and quality of groundwater parameters.
https://jise.scu.ac.ir/article_16841_272d29dd9588070166b66b0a056222e1.pdf
2021-06-22
67
78
10.22055/jise.2021.36270.1944
IDW
Interpolation
Groundwater level
Groundwater Salinity
Kriging
Atefeh
Sayadi Shahraki
sayadi.atefeh@gmail.com
1
Ph.D. of Irrigation and Drainage Department, Faculty of Water and Environmental Engineering, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz. Ahvaz, Iran.
AUTHOR
Saeed
Boroomand-Nasab
boroomandsaeed@yahoo.com
2
Professor of Irrigation and Drainage Department, Faculty of Water and Environmental Engineering, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz. Ahvaz, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Abd Ali
Naseri
abdalinaseri@scu.ac.ir
3
Professor of Irrigation and Drainage Department, Faculty of Water and Environmental Engineering, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz. Ahvaz, Iran.
AUTHOR
Amir
Soltani Mohammadi
a_soltani60@yahoo.com
4
Associate Professor of Irrigation and Drainage Department, Faculty of Water and Enviromental Engineering, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran.
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M. and Baghbanzade Dezfouli. A. 2012. A Geo-statistical Approach to the change procedure study of Under-Groundwater Table in a GIS framework, Case Study: Razan–Ghahavand plain, Hamadan province, Iran. Journal of Academic and Applied Studies. 2(11). pp. 56-69.
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2
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9
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13
G.B.M. and Pebesma. E.J. 2002. Is the ordinary kriging variance a proper measure of interpolation error. Melbourne: RMIT University, Conference contribution. Melbourne.
14
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16
M. Delirhasannia. R. Alavipanah. S.K. Shahabi. M. and Samadianfard. S. 2015. Spatial analysis of groundwater electrical conductivity using ordinary kriging and artificial intelligence methods (Case study: Tabriz plain, Iran). Geofizika. 32(5). pp. 191-208.
17
M. and Hosseini. SM. 2009. Comparison of groundwater level estimation using neuro-fuzzy and ordinary kriging. Journal of Environmental Modeling and Assessment. 14. pp. 729-737.
18
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19
P.S. Jegathambal. P. and James. E.J. 2011. Multivariate and geostatistical analysis of groundwater quality in Palar river basin. International Journal of Geology, 4 (5). pp. 108-119.
20
V. and Remadevi. V. 2006. Kriging of groundwater levels—a case study. Journal of Spatial Hydrology. 6 (1). pp. 81–94.
21
S.M. Min. K.D. Woo. N.C. Kim. Y.j. and Ahn. C.H. 2003. Statistical Models for the Assessment of Nitrate Contamination in urban Groundwater using GIS. Environmental Geology. 44 (2). pp. 210-221.
22
F. 2004. Investigation of design parameters of underground drainage systems in irrigation and drainage project of sugarcane development plan (Case study of Amirkabir unit). Msc Thesis, Tehran University. (In Persian).
23
Mehrjardi M. Z., Mehrjardi R., Akbarzadeh A. 2010. Evaluation of Geostatistical Techniques for Mapping Spatial Distribution of Soil pH, Salinity and Plant Cover Affected by Environmental Factors in Southern Iran, Notulae, Scientia Biologicae. 2 (4). pp. 92–103.
24
M. Salarijazi. M. Soleymani. S. 2011. Application and assessment of Kriging and Cokriging methods on groundwater level estimation. Journal of American Science. 7 (7). pp. 34-39.
25
T. Ebrahimi. H. and Nourani. V. 2018. A review of the artificial intelligence methods in groundwater level modeling. Journal of Hydrology. 572. pp. 336-352.
26
Rostami Fathabadi. M. 2017. Precision Assessment and geostatistical methods for estimating the optimal level of groundwater table, Case Study: North West Kermanshah Plain. Journal of Geographical Sciences. 25. pp. 33-49. (In Persian).
27
Sulhi Gundogdu. K. and Guney. I. 2007. Spatial analyses of groundwater levels using universal kriging. Journal of Earth System Science. 116 (1). pp. 49-55.
28
Y. Kang. Sh. Li. F. and Zhang. L. 2009. Comparison of interpolation methods for depth to groundwater and its temporal and spatial variations in the Minqin oasis of northwest China. Environmental Modelling and Software. 24 (10). pp. 1163–1170.
29
Ta’any. R.A. Tahboub. A.B. and Saffarini. G.A. 2009. Geostatistical analysis of spatiotemporal variability of groundwater level fluctuations in Amman–Zarqa basin, Jordan: a case study. Environmental Geology. 57 (3). pp. 525–535.
30
N. and Latinopoulos. P. 2006. Evaluation and optimization of groundwater observation networks using the kriging methodology. Environmental Modelling and Software. 22 (7). pp. 991–1000.
31
E. Theodoridou. P. and Karatzas. G. 2019. Spatiotemporal geostatistical modeling of groundwater levels under a Bayesian framework using means of physical. Journal of Hydrology. 575. pp. 487-498.
32
K. and Remadevi. H. 2006. Kriging of groundwater levels-a case study. Journal of Spatial Hydrology. 6(1). pp. 81-92.
33
Y. Gu. X. Yin. S. Shao. J. Cui. Y. Zhang. Q. and Niu. Y. 2016. Geostatistical interpolation model selection based on ArcGIS and spatio-temporal variability analysis of groundwater level in piedmont plains, northwest China. Springer Plus 5 (1). pp. 425-441.
34
S. Kang. S. Li. F. and Zhang. L. 2009. Comparison of interpolation methods for depth to groundwater and its temporal and spatial variations in the Minqin oasis of northwest China. Environmental Modelling & Software. 24(10). pp. 1163-1170.
35
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Water productivity and stomatal gas exchanges of greenhouse tomato in two hydroponic systems
The amount of water and fertilizers used in the production of vegetables, specifically tomatoes, is high. This experiment was carried out to investigative of effects of yield, nutrient solution efficiency,Vegetative growth, and stomatal gas exchanges of two greenhouse tomato cultivars (V4-22, Amira) in open and closed hydroponic systems, as split-plot design based on completely randomized block design with three 3 replications at Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz. The results showed that the effect of the hydroponic system had a significant effect on the efficiency rate of nutrient solution usage, fruit length, fruit firmness, leaf area, plant height, stomatal conductance and leaf temperature (P≤%5). The highest fruit length, fruit firmness, leaf area, plant height, stomatal conductance, and leaf temperature were measured in the open hydroponic system. The water productivity per performance in closed hydroponic system was greater than (approximately 55%) open hydroponic system. The highest and lowest water productivity biomass were obtained in the closed system and open system (48.91 and 34.42 kg/m3), respectively. The highest and lowest crop yields were measured in V4-22 and Amira cultivar (3874.29 and 3648.70 g per plant), respectively. Based on the results, the open hydroponic system has increased the characteristics such as plant height, leaf area, number of leaves and stomatal conductance, but the performance of the product in these two hydroponic systems is not different and also the closed hydroponic system reduces nutrient solution consumption up to 96% and fertilizer consumption up to 97%.
https://jise.scu.ac.ir/article_16927_2b7d7dce5a04cb914a45463b2a616ce4.pdf
2021-06-22
79
91
10.22055/jise.2021.37784.1981
open and closed hydroponic
Yield
Water Use Productivity
stomatal gas exchanges
Mohammad Reza
Fayezizadeh
rfayezi@yahoo.com
1
MSC student, Department of Horticulture, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran.
AUTHOR
Naser
Alemzadeh Ansari
alemzadehansari@yahoo.com
2
Associate Professor, Department of Horticulture, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Mohammad
Albaji
m.albaji@scu.ac.ir
3
Associate Professor, Department of Irrigation and Drainage, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran.
AUTHOR
Esmail
Khaleghi
khaleghi@scu.ac.ir
4
Associate Professor, Department of Horticulture, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran.
AUTHOR
Ahmad Khan, M., Shahid Javed, B., Ahmed Khan, K., Nadeem, F., Yousaf, B., and Umer Javed, H. 2017. Morphological and physicobiochemical characterization of various tomato cultivars in a simplified soilless media, Annals of Agricultural Sciences, 62:139-143.
1
Ahmad, N., Wahab, P., Hassan, SA. and Sakimin, SZ .2017. Salinity Effects on Growth, Physiology, and yield in Lowland tomato grown in Soilless Culture. J. Trop. Plant Physiology, 9: pp 46-59.
2
Atzori, G., Nissim, W. G., Caparrotta, S., Santantoni, F. and Masi, E. 2019. Seawater and water footprint in different cropping systems: A chicory (Cichorium intybus) case study. Agricultural Water Management, 211: 172-177.
3
Bozo, T. T., Mpambani, B., Mbenga, A., and Mhlontlo, S. 2019. Comparative studies on yield and quality response of soil and soilless grown tomatoes: the case study of Masiphathisane Community Project and Bathurst Experimental Farm. South African Journal of Agricultural Extension, 47(4), 75-85.
4
Christie, E. 2014. Water and nutrient reuse within closed hydroponic systems. Georgia Southern University.
5
Costa, E; Espirito Santo, TL; Batista, TB; Carvalho, 2018. Diferentes tipos de ambiente protegido e substratos na producao de pimenteiras. Horticultura Brasileira 35: 458-466.
6
Dannehl, D., Taylor, Z., Suhl, J., Miranda, L., Fitz-Rodriguez, E., Lopez-Cruz, I. and Schmidt, U .2017. Sustainable Cities: Viability of a Hybrid Aeroponic/Nutrient Film Technique System for Cultivation of Tomatoes. International Journal of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering, 11(6): 470-477.
7
De Wrachien, D; GOLI, MB. 2015. Global warming effects on irrigation development and crop production: A world-wide Agricultural Sciences 6: 734-747.
8
De Souza, C. A., da Silva, A. O., de Lacerda, C. F., de França, E. F., and Bezerra, M. A. 2020. Physiological responses of watercress to brackish waters and different nutrient solution circulation times. Embrapa Agroindustria Tropical-Artigo em periodico indexado (ALICE), 41(6): 2555-2570.
9
Fraile-Robayo, R. D., Alvarez-Herrera, J. G., Reyes M, A. J., Alvarez-Herrera, O. F. and Fraile-Robayo, A. L. 2017. Evaluation of the growth and quality of lettuce (Lactuca sativa) in a closed recirculating hydroponic system. Agronomía Colombiana, 35(2): 216-222.
10
Haworth, MD. Killi, A. Materassi, A. Raschi, and M. Centritto. 2016. Impaired stomatal control is associated with reduced photosynthetic physiology in crop species grown at elevated [CO2]. Front. Plant Science. 7, 1568. Doi: 3389.10.fpls.01568.2016.
11
Hooshmand, M., Albaji, M., and Alemzadeh Ansari, N. 2019. The effect of deficit irrigation on yield and yield components of greenhouse tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) in hydroponic culture in Ahvaz region, Iran. Scientia horticulturae, 254, 84-90.
12
Khan, M. G., M. Silberbush, and S. H. Lips. 1998. Response of alfalfa to potassium, calcium and nitrogen under stress induced by sodium chloride. Biologia plantarum, 40(2), 251.
13
Krause, M; Monaco, P; Haddade, I; Meneghelli, L; Souza, 2017. Aproveitamento de residuos agricolas na composicao de substratos para producao de mudas de tomateiro. Horticultura Brasileira 35: 293-298.
14
Leakey, AD. Ainsworth, EA. Bernacchi, CJ. Rogers, A. Long, S. P. and Ort, DR. 2009. Elevated CO2 effects on plant carbon, nitrogen, and water relations: six important lessons from FACE. Journal of experimental botany, 60(10), 2859-2876.
15
Marques, D. J., Matheus Filho, E., Bianchini, H. C., Veroneze Junior, V., Santos, B. R., Carlos, L. D. A., and Silva, E. C. D. 2020. Tomato production in hydroponic system using different agrofilms as greenhouse cover. Horticultura Brasileira, 38(1): 58-64.
16
Mendez-Cifuentes, A., Valdez-Aguilar, L. A., Cadena-Zapata, M., González-Fuentes, J. A., Hernandez-Maruri, J. A., and Alvarado-Camarillo, D. 2020. Water and fertilizer use efficiency in subirrigated containerized tomato. Water, 12(5): 1313.
17
Resh, HM .2013. Hydroponic Food Production. A definitive guidebook of soilless food growing methods (No. Ed. 5). Woodbridge press publishing company.
18
Rodriguez-Jurado, S. Garcia-Trejo, JF. Mejia-Ugalde, I. Vera-Morales, JM., Vargas-Hernandez, M. and Avila-Juarez, L .2020. Water and fertilizer efficiency in a polyculture cropping system under three production systems. Journal of Water Reuse and Desalination.
19
Rodriguez-Ortega, WM. Martinez, V. Nieves, M. Camara-Zapata, JM. and Garcia Sanchez, F. Agronomic and physiological responses of tomato plants grown in different soilless systems to saline conditions (No. e2983v1). PeerJ Preprints.
20
Rodriguez-Ortega, WM. Martinez, V. Nieves, M. Simon, I. Lidon, V. Fernandez Zapata, JC. and Garcia Sanchez, F. Agricultural and physiological responses of tomato plants grown in different soilless culture systems with saline water under greenhouse conditions. Scientific reports, 9(1), pp: 1-13.
21
Romero-Aranda, R. Soria, T. and Cuartero, J. 2001. Tomato plant-water uptake and plant-water relationships under saline growth conditions. Plant science, 160(2): 265-272.
22
Rosa-Rodriguez, RDL. Lara-Herrera, A. Trejo-Tellez, LI. Padilla-Bernal, LE. Solis-Sanchez, LO. and Ortiz-Rodriguez, JM. 2020. Water and fertilizers use efficiency in two hydroponic systems for tomato production. Horticultura Brasileira, 38(1): 47-52.
23
Rufi-Salis, M. Petit-Boix, A. Villalba, G. Sanjuan-Delmas, D. Parada, F. Ercilla-Montserrat, M. and Gabarrell, X. 2020. Recirculating water and nutrients in urban agriculture: An opportunity towards environmental sustainability and water use efficiency. Journal of Cleaner Production, 121-213.
24
Saito, T., Matsukura, C., Ban, Y., Shoji, K., Sugiyama, M., Fukuda, N. and Nishimura, S. 2008. Salinity stress affects assimilate metabolism at the gene-expression level during fruit development and improves fruit quality in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum). Journal of the Japanese Society for Horticultural Science, 77(1): 61-68.
25
Sajadinia, A. Roosta, H.R. and Ershadi, A. Comparison of ecophysiological characteristics of pepper plant in two systems of hydroponics and aquaponics. First National Congress of Hydroponics and Greenhouse Production, Isfahan, Research Center for Soilless Cultivation. (In Persian).
26
Savvas, D. 2021. Optimizing plant nutrition for production of vegetables and cut flowers in open and closed hydroponic systems. In III International Symposium on Soilless Culture and Hydroponics: Innovation and Advanced Technology for Circular Horticulture 1321(pp. 71-86).
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Schmautz, Z., Loeu, F., Liebisch, F., Graber, A., Mathis, A., Griessler Bulc, T., and Junge, R. 2016. Tomato productivity and quality in aquaponics: Comparison of three hydroponic methods. Water, 8(11): 1-21.
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29
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30
Tembe, K. O., Chemining’wa, G. N., Ambuko, J., and Owino, W. 2017. Effect of water stress on yield and physiological traits among selected African tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) land races. International Journal of Agronomy and Agricultural Research (IJAAR), 10(2): 78-85.
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32
Wang, M., Dong, C., and Gao, W. 2019. Evaluation of the growth, photosynthetic characteristics, antioxidant capacity, biomass yield and quality of tomato using aeroponics, hydroponics and porous tube-vermiculite systems in bio-regenerative life support systems. Life sciences in space research, 22: 68-75.
33
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34
Zhang, P., Senge, M., and Dai, Y. Effects of salinity stress on growth, yield, fruit quality and water use efficiency of tomato under hydroponics system. Reviews in Agricultural Science, 4: 46-55.
35
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Effect of Saline Water on Seed Germination Indices of Salvia Hispanica L., Cyamopsis Tetragonoloba L., Luffa Cylindrical L., and Momordica Charantia L. (Chia, Guar, Luffa, and Karela)
The salinity of water and soil resources and lack of appropriate quality water resources are major threats to agricultural development in arid and semiarid regions such as Iran, Khouzestan province. The implementation of haloculture projects causes the availability of saline water resources in these areas. Therefore, the study on the effects of salinity on seed generation was the essential aim of current research. In this study, because of the importance of nutrition, medical and industrial of Chia (Salvia hispanica L.), Guar (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba L.), Luffa (Luffa cylindrical L.), and Karela (Momordica charantia L.), the effect of saline water on seed germination indices were evaluated. The seed germination indices consisted of germination percentage (Gp%), the coefficient of the velocity of germination (Gi), seed vigor index (Vi), germination uniformity (GU), salinity tolerance index (STI), dry weight, fresh weight, and the percentage of moisture of the radical and plumule were determined under salinity stress. To achieve the aims of the current study, four salinity levels were used, including Karoon River water (as a control treatment) with an average electrical conductivity of 1.21 dS /m and diluted drain water with an electrical conductivity of 5, 10, 15, 20 dS/m (S1, S2, S3, S4, S5, respectively) in three replications (R1, R2, and R3). The experimental design was completely random. The analysis of variance of measured indices in the experiment showed that the effects of salinity on germination percentage of Guar and Luffa at 1% and Karela and Chia at 5% level of probability were significantly affected by salinity stress. The effect of salinity on the velocity of germination of the studied species was significant. Also, the salinity effect on the seed vigor index of Guar and Chia was significant at the 1% level. Increasing salinity significantly decreased the seed vigor index in the mentioned species. According to the results of this study, among four seeds, Chia and Guar were identified as the most tolerant plant to salinity stress in the seedling stage.
https://jise.scu.ac.ir/article_16842_5e3eb8ec4088be14500feae2277d2119.pdf
2021-06-22
93
112
10.22055/jise.2021.36193.1938
Germination
Drain Water
Sensitivity
Chia
Guar
Luffa
Hajar
Kaab Omair
hajarkaabomeir@gmail.com
1
Master Student of Irrigation and Drainage, Faculty of Water and Environmental Engineering, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Iran.
AUTHOR
Mona
Golabi
mona_golabi@yahoo.com
2
Assistance Professor, Department of Irrigation and Drainage, Faculty of Water and Environmental Engineering, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Iran.(
LEAD_AUTHOR
Abd Ali
Naseri
abdalinaseri@scu.ac.ir
3
Professor, Department of Irrigation and Drainage, Faculty of Water and Environmental Engineering, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Iran.
AUTHOR
Saeed
Boroomand Nasab
boroomand@scu.ac.ir
4
Professor, Department of Irrigation and Drainage, Faculty of Water and Environmental Engineering, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Iran.
AUTHOR
Alenbrant, R., T. Benetoli da Silva, A. Soares de Vasconcelos, W. Mourão, e J. Corte. 2014. O cultivo da Chia no Brasil: Futuro e perspectivas. Journal of Agronomic Sciences, Umuarama 3:161-179.
1
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2
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3
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4
Burrieza, H.P., Koyro, H.W., Tosar, L.M., Kobayashi, K. and Maldonado, S., 2012. High salinity induces dehydrin accumulation in Chenopodium quinoa Willd. cv. Hualhuas embryos. Plant and Soil, 354(1-2), pp.69-79.
5
Busilacchi, H., Bueno, M., Severin, C., Di Sapio, O., Quiroga, M. and Flores, V., 2013. Evaluación de Salvia hispanica L. cultivada en el sur de Santa Fe (República Argentina). Cultivos tropicales, 34(4), pp.55-59.
6
Bybordi, A. and Tabatabaei, J., 2009. Effect of Salinity Stress on Germination and Seedling Properties in Canola Cultivars (Brassica napus L.). Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca, 37(2).
7
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8
Chandra, U., 1995. Distribution, domestication and genetic diversity of Luffa gourd in Indian subcontinent. Indian Journal of Plant Genetic Resources, 8(2), pp.189-196.
9
Chen, Z., Newman, I., Zhou, M., Mendham, N., Zhang, G. and Shabala, S., 2005. Screening plants for salt tolerance by measuring K+ flux: a case study for barley. Plant, Cell & Environment, 28(10), pp.1230-1246.
10
Falk, J. and Munné-Bosch, S., 2010. Tocochromanol functions in plants: antioxidation and beyond. Journal of experimental botany, 61(6), pp.1549-1566.
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13
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29
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31
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33
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36
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38
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39
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54
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Evaluation of Groundwater Electrical Conductivity Regarding Rice Cultivation in Guilan Province, Iran
Considering Sefidrud River discharge decrease in the last decade in Guilan province in the north of Iran, groundwater and surface water resources can meet the water demand of rice cultivation in this area. It is evident that irrigation water quality should be considered in rice cultivation. Electrical conductivity (EC) is one of the essential parameters of assessing the quality of groundwater. The purpose of this research is to identify areas at risk of groundwater EC decrease for rice cultivation. For this purpose, zoning and probabilistic maps were prepared by ArcGIS software. The models were evaluated using ME, RMSE, MSE, RMSSE, and ASE statistical indices. The accuracy of the models was very good; the RMSE values for ordinary kriging were between 0.2674 and 0.4172 dS/m, and for indicator kriging, they ranged from 0.2841 and 0.4087 dS/m. The zoning and probabilistic maps showed an increase in EC of more than 1 dS/m from 2002 to 2015. In addition, the highest EC in Guilan province was in the central and eastern parts of the province, including Rasht, Astaneh, and Lahijan cities. More than 30% of groundwater resources were exposed to excessive salinity exceeding rice's tolerance level. Therefore, to prevent the quality mitigation of groundwater resources in the province and prevent yield penalty related to irrigation water salinity, the regional water companies should take appropriate management measures such as a ban on digging new wells or reducing groundwater extraction in hazardous areas.
https://jise.scu.ac.ir/article_17116_aba98019a8238f49866678b0615d3c21.pdf
2021-06-22
113
127
10.22055/jise.2021.37417.1972
ArcGIS
geostatistical methods
Kriging
probabilistic map
Salinity
Hossein
Ebrahimi
hoss_ebrahim@yahoo.com
1
MSc. Student, Department of Water Engineering, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Guilan; P.O.BOX 41635-3756, Rasht, Iran.
AUTHOR
Mohammadreza
Khaledian
khaledian@guilan.ac.ir
2
ssociate Professor, Department of Water Engineering, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Guilan; P.O.BOX 41635-3756, Rasht, Iran, and Department of Water Engineering and Environment, Caspian Sea Basin Research Center.,
LEAD_AUTHOR
Afshin
Ashrafzadeh
afshin.ashrafz@gmail.com
3
Associate Professor, Department of Water Engineering, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Guilan; P.O.BOX 41635-3756, Rasht, Iran.
AUTHOR
Parisa
Shahinrokhsar
pshahinrokhsar@yahoo.com
4
Agricultural Engineering Research Department, Guilan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Rasht, Iran.
AUTHOR
Amiri-Bourkhani, M., Khaledian, M., Ashrafzadeh, A., Shahnazari, A. 2017. The temporal and spatial variations in groundwater salinity in Mazandaran Plain, Iran, during a long-term period of 26 years. Geofizika, 34(1): 119-139.
1
Ashrafzadeh, A., Roshandel, F., Khaledian, M., Vazifedoust, M. Assessment of groundwater salinity risk using kriging methods: a case study in northern Iran. Agricultural Water Management, 178: 215-224.
2
Adhikary, P.P., Dash, C.J., Chandrasekharan, H., Rajput, T.B.S., Dubey, S.K. 2012. Evaluation of groundwater quality for irrigation and drinking using GIS and geostatistics in a peri-urban area of Delhi, India. Arabian Journal of Geosciences, 5(6): 1423-1434.
3
Ahmadi, S., Sedghamiz, A. 2008. Application and evaluation of kriging and cokriging methods on groundwater depth mapping. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 138(1-3): 357-368.
4
Ahmadpour, H., Khaledian, M., Ashrafzadeh, A. 2015. Examine the relationship between the salinity of groundwater with the salinity of Sefidrud River and the Caspian Sea (case study: Guilan province). Third International Symposium on Environmental and Water Resources Engineering, 2-3 June, Tehran, Iran.
5
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6
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7
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8
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9
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10
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11
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13
Kendall, M.G. 1975. Rank correlation methods: Griffin, London, UK.
14
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15
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16
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17
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19
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20
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28
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29
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Modification of DRASTIC Model with Two Different Methods for Assessing Groundwater Vulnerability in Ardabil Plain
In the Ardabil Plain, groundwater is one of the most important sources of water supply. Therefore, quality protection and groundwater management are a research priority. Ardabil Plain is in danger due to agricultural activity's excessive consumption of fertilizers in the agricultural sector, livestock, and industrial centers effluent. Therefore, it is necessary to identify and monitor areas with high vulnerability potential. In this study, the vulnerability of the plain is first assessed using the DRASTIC method. The DRASTIC model is a general method and should calibrate in each area. So, this method was modified by two approaches. In the first approach, sensitivity analysis, and in the second approach, the amount of groundwater supply estimated by the WTF method was used. Then the vulnerability of Ardabil Plain was assessed. The results of the sensitivity analysis showed that the DRASTIC model in the Ardabil Plain area is susceptible to the parameters of Impact of vadose zone (I), Depth of groundwater (D), and aquifer media (A). The results also showed that the conventional model of the DRASTIC did not produce acceptable results compared to the Nitrate map. But calculating the amount of water recharge (R) by the WTF method, the correlation between the vulnerability maps and the Nitrate map was about 75%. In the second method, soil parameters (S) and hydraulic conductivity (C) did not have an acceptable correlation with the nitrate concentration in the groundwater of Ardabil Plain. These parameters were removed from the initial equation of the DRASTIC method, and the maps were prepared with the remaining parameters and with new weights and ratings, as a result of which the correlation between the new maps and the nitrate map reached about 30%. According to the WTF modified method for the DRASTIC model, the whole of the Ardabil Plain vulnerability maps in four areas was divided, including medium, high, very high, and infinitely highly vulnerable areas, and 25.8, 47.7, 15.1, and 11.4 percent, respectively.
https://jise.scu.ac.ir/article_17117_877805dcb594e5708fabca50390f7976.pdf
2021-06-22
129
146
10.22055/jise.2021.36627.1963
Modified drastic
Sensitivity analysis
WTF
Groundwater
Javanshir
Azizi Mobaser
javanshir22@yahoo.com
1
Assistant Professor. Department of Water Engineering, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Ali
Rasoulzade
arasoulzadeh@gmail.com
2
Associate Professor. Department of Water Engineering, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran.
AUTHOR
Armin
Abedi
abedisoilwater@yahoo.com
3
Former Graduate Student, MSc Irrigation and Drainage Engineering, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran.
AUTHOR
Abdullah, T.O., Ali, S.S., Al-Ansari, N.A. and Knutsson, S., 2018. Possibility of Groundwater Pollution in Halabja Saidsadiq Hydrogeological Basin, Iraq Using Modified DRASTIC Model Based on AHP and Tritium Isotopes. Geosciences, 8(7), p.236.
1
Allouche N, Maanan M, Gontara M, Rollo N, Jamal I, Bouri S (2017) A global risk approach to assessing groundwater vulnerability. Environmental Modelling and Software 88:168-182
2
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3
Beynen PE, Niedzielski MA, Bialkowska-Jelinska E, Alsharif K, Matusick J (2012) Comparative study of specific groundwater vulnerability of a karsts aquifer in central Journal of Applied Geography 32:868-877
4
Chen, S.K., Jang, C.S. and Peng, Y.H., 2013. Developing a probability-based model of aquifer vulnerability in an agricultural region. Journal of hydrology, 486, pp.494-504.
5
Fritch, T.G., McKnight, C.L., Yelderman Jr, J.C. and Arnold, J.G., 2000. An aquifer vulnerability assessment of the Paluxy aquifer, central Texas, USA, using GIS and a modified DRASTIC approach. Environmental management, 25(3), pp.337-345.
6
Ghafari, H., Rasoulzadeh, A., Raoof, M., Esmeali, A. (2018). 'Estimation of Natural Groundwater Recharge using WTF Method (Case Study: Ardabil Plain Aquifer)', Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 48.1(90), pp. 43-52. (In Persian)
7
Huan, H., Wang, J. and Teng, Y., 2012. Assessment and validation of groundwater vulnerability to nitrate based on a modified DRASTIC model: a case study in Jilin City of northeast China. Science of the total environment, 440, pp.14-23.
8
Kazakis, N. and Voudouris, K.S., 2015. Groundwater vulnerability and pollution risk assessment of porous aquifers to nitrate: modifying the DRASTIC method using quantitative parameters. Journal of Hydrology, 525, pp.13-25.
9
Kendal MG (1975) Rank correlation methods. 4th edh, Griffin, London
10
Li, X., Gao, Y., Qian, H. and Wu, H., 2017. Groundwater vulnerability and contamination risk assessment of the Weining Plain, using a modified DRASTIC model and quantized pollution loading method. Arabian Journal of Geosciences, 10(21), p.469.
11
Massoud Lak M, Azizi Mobaser J, Rasoulzadeh A., 2019. Evaluation of Intrinsic Vulnerability of Urmia Plain Groundwater Pollution Using Original DRASTIC and DRASTIC Modified Models, Iranian Water Resources Research, 14 (5), pp. 220-235.
12
Mimi, Z.A., Mahmoud, N. and Madi, M.A., 2012. Modified DRASTIC assessment for intrinsic vulnerability mapping of karst aquifers: a case study. Environmental Earth Sciences, 66(2), pp.447-456.
13
Mogaji, K.A. and San Lim, H., 2017. Development of a GIS-based catastrophe theory model (modified DRASTIC model) for groundwater vulnerability assessment. Earth Science Informatics, 10(3), pp.339-356.
14
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15
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16
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17
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18
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