اثر افزایش دی‌اکسیدکربن و رژیم کم‌آبیاری بر صفات مورفولوژیک و فیزیولوژیک گیاه عدس رقم کیمیا

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانش‌آموخته دکترای هواشناسی کشاورزی از دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد.

2 استاد گروه مهندسی آب دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد

3 استاد گروه مهندسی آب دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد.

4 دانشیار گروه علوم باغبانی دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد.

5 استاد گروه مهندسی آب دانشگاه شیراز.

چکیده

افزایش غلظت دی‌اکسیدکربن اتمسفری اثر مستقیمی بر فعالیت‌های گیاهی دارد. از سوی دیگر این افزایش می‌تواند اثرات منفی کم آبیاری را تا اندازه‌ای جبران نماید. در این تحقیق به بررسی آثار افزایش غلظت دی‌اکسیدکربن از 400 به 800 و ppm1200 بر رشد و عملکرد گیاه عدس رقم کیمیا تحت چهار تیمار آبیاری (WR (کل نیاز آبی گیاه)، WR125درصد، WR75درصد و WR50درصد) تحت یک آزمایش بلوک کامل تصادفی پرداخته شد. نتایج حاصله نشان داد که افزایش غلظت دی‌اکسیدکربن، افزایش طول ساقه و در نتیجه افزایش جرم خشک ساقه را به همراه دارد. افزایش جرم خشک ریشه نیز از دیگر اثرات افزایش غلظت دی‌اکسیدکربن محیطی می‌باشد. افزایش غلظت دی‌اکسیدکربن افزایش تعداد غلاف‌ها و دانه‌ها در بوته را موجب می‌شود. همچنین جرم خشک 1000 دانه نیز افزایش می‌یابد. در نتیجه عملکرد دانه در هر بوته گیاه عدس افزایش می‌یابد، به‌نحوی که دو و سه برابر شدن غلظت دی‌اکسیدکربن موجب افزایش 17 و 32 درصدی عملکرد دانه می‌شود. از سوی دیگر افزایش غلظت دی‌اکسیدکربن موجب کاهش میزان تبخیر-تعرق می‌شود، لذا از نیاز آبی گیاه کاسته شده و در نتیجه از اثرات منفی کم آبیاری بر رشد و عملکرد گیاه می‌کاهد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Effects of Elevated Carbon Dioxide and Deficit Irrigation Regimes on Morphological and Physiological Characteristics of Lentil (Variety Kimia)

نویسندگان [English]

  • Shideh Shams 1
  • Mohammad Mousavi 2
  • Amin Ali Zadeh 3
  • Mahmood Shoor 4
  • Ali Akbar Kamgar-Haghighi 5
1 Graduated Ph.D. in Agrometeorology from Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran.
2 Professor in Meteorology, Water Engineering Department, College of Agric. Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran
3 Professor of Water Engineering Department, College of Agric. Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran.
4 Associate Professor of Horticulture and Landscape Engineering Department, College of Agric. Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran.
5 Professor of Water Engineering Department, College of Agric. Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Studies have shown that the global climate has been dramatically changed during last decades. The results of the investigations have shown that enhancement of greenhouse gases due to human activities is one of the main factors of climate change in the present century. CO2 is one of the most important greenhouse gases, which has begun to increase rapidly since the mid-19th century. Studies have shown that carbon dioxide concentrations have risen by about 43% from 277-280 ppm since the late 1700s and now the concentration of this gas is close to 400 ppm (Samenow, 2013). According to scientists, carbon dioxide is responsible for 61% of the total global warming.
In addition to the harmful effects of increasing the carbon dioxide concentration and global warming, this gas has a positive effect on agriculture, which increases its importance. The results of the research indicate that increasing CO2 concentration causes photosynthesis enhancement also by increasing the photosynthesis dry matter weight increase, and consequently the amount of production increases (Semenow et al., 2012‎).
Rogers et al., (1994), indicated that doubling carbon dioxide concentration has led to an increase in plants’ yield approximately by 33%. In addition, environmental conditions such as light, temperature, water and available nutrients, moisture, etc., and the interaction between them, overwhelms the effect of plants on changes in carbon dioxide concentration.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • CO2
  • Stem
  • Shoot
  • Root
  • Seeds Yields
  • Evapotranspiration

مراجع

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علوم و مهندسی آبیاری
دوره 41، شماره 4
دی 1397
صفحه 77-90

فایل ها

سابقه مقاله

  • تاریخ دریافت: 02 شهریور 1395
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 26 فروردین 1396
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 30 فروردین 1396
  • تاریخ انتشار: 01 دی 1397

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