بررسی و انتخاب شاخص های ارزیابی مدیریت پایدار آب در حوضه‌ های آبریز

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری علوم و مهندسی آب، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد.

2 استاد گروه علوم و مهندسی آب، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد.

3 استادیار گروه اقتصاد کشاورزی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد.

4 استادیار پژوهش گروه مدیریت و برنامه ریزی گردشگری، پژوهشکده گردشگری، جهاد دانشگاهی مشهد.

5 استادیار پژوهش، گروه هیدرو‌انفورماتیک، مرکز پژوهشی آب و محیط‌زیست شرق مشهد.

چکیده

آب یکی از مهم­ترین محور­های توسعه و زیر­بنای رفاه اقتصادی و اجتماعی هر کشوری می­‌باشد و ارزیابی مدیریت آب، بخشی ضروری از فرایند پیاده­‌سازی و اجرای برنامه­‌ها و پروژه‌­ها محسوب می‌­شود. شاخص­‌های ارزیابی ابزاری قوی برای تصمیم­گیران و مدیران آب در سطح حوضه‌­های آبریز، به منظور فهم نقاط ضعف و قوت تصمیمات بوده و هم­چنین سبب اتخاذ سیاست­‌های مناسب برای بهبود مدیریت منابع می­‌باشند. هدف پژوهش حاضر بررسی و انتخاب شاخص­‌هایی منطبق بر مؤلفه­‌های پایداری (شامل اقتصادی،اجتماعی، محیط­زیستیو نهادی) در ارزیابی مدیریت آب در مقیاس حوضه آبریز می‌باشد. روش پژوهش بر مبنای توصیفی- پیمایشی و با ابزار مصاحبه و پرسش­نامه بوده است. پس از بررسی و استخراج شاخص­‌های اولیه، شاخص­های پایداری نهایی از طریق پرسش­نامه­های دلفی جمع­آوری و با استفاده از روش دلفی فازی مورد تجزیه و تحلیل قرار گرفتند. الگوی ارایه شده متشکل از 200 شاخص مدیریت آب بر مبنای تعریف چهار مؤلفه پایداری در مقیاس حوضه آبریز می­‌باشد. نتایج نشان داد که از 200 شاخص بررسی­شده، در مرحله نهایی، تنها 66 شاخص با در نظر گرفتن مؤلفه­های پایداری انتخاب شدند. بر مبنای نتایج به­دست­آمده از طبقه­بندی مؤلفه­های پایداری، 30 شاخص مطابق با حداقل سه مؤلفه پایداری (سه یا چهار­بعدی)، 30 شاخص دو­بعدی (مطابق با دو مؤلفه) و شش شاخص یک­بعدی (تنها مطابق با یک مؤلفه) به­دست آمده­‌اند. شاخص­‌های به­دست­آمده می­‌توانند به عنوان مبنایی در ارزیابی برنامه­‌های مدیریت آب در حوضه­‌های آبریز کشور مورد استفاده قرار گیرند.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Investigating and Selecting of Assessment Indexes for Sustainable Water Management at Watershed Scale

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mahsa Rahmani 1
  • KAMRAN DAVARY 2
  • Leili Abolhasani 3
  • Mozhgan Sabet teimouri 4
  • Mojtaba Shafiei 5
1 Ph.D. Student of Department of Water Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran.
2 Professor Department of Water Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran.
3 Assistant Professor, Department of Agricultural Economics, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran.
4 Assistant Professor of Ecology, ACECR, Mashhad, Iran.
5 Member Research Staff of the Hydroinformatic Department, East Water and Environmental Research Institute (EWERI), Mashhad, Iran.
چکیده [English]

In recent years, water resources management has faced many challenges due to poor water governance and management, increasing demand, industrial and agricultural development, and unbalanced water allocations for various uses (Global Water Partnership, 2006). Sustainable development provides solutions for development in order to solve economic, social and environmental problems. The study of the relationship between economic, social and environmental processes in management approaches has been accepted as a sustainable development, but managers and decision makers still have difficulty in applying and evaluating this relationship. In order to evaluate a system, a set of indicators is needed that can be used to examine a system in different aspects, reflecting current or future issues. The World Water Assessment Program (WWAP) (2003) reports on the importance of indicators in streamlining information about integrated water resources management and the establishment of effective communication between different departments in water management. So far, several studies have been conducted in the country on the evaluation of the results of plans for management of water resources and consumptions (Arshadi & Bagheri, 2014; Karamouz & Mohammadpour, 2017). In these studies, most of the researchers have not had a basin view, and have not been consistent with all the components of sustainability, especially the environmental and institutional components. The present study was carried out by reviewing previous studies with some concepts, with the aim of identifying important indicators in water management assessment, assessing the performance of indicators related to water management against a set of sustainability components, and finally extracting and introducing indexes appropriate to dry and semi- dry conditions.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Socio-Economic component
  • Decision making
  • Sustainability
  • Water resources
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