اثرکم‌آبیاری بر اجزای عملکرد و بهره‌وری مصرف آب لوبیا چیتی با استفاده از آبیاری قطره‌ای نواری در شرایط اقلیمی خرم‌آباد

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانش آموخته کارشناسی ارشد آبیاری و زهکشی، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه لرستان، خرم‌آباد، ایران.

2 استادیار گروه مهندسی آب، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه لرستان، خرم‌آباد، ایران،

3 استادیار گروه مهندسی آب، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه لرستان، خرم‌آباد، ایران.

چکیده

بررسی واکنش گیاهان زراعی به کم‌آبی، با هدف افزایش بهره ‎وری مصرف آب، به‌عنوان بخشی از راه‌حل سازگاری با کم‌آبی در کشور اهمیت بسیار دارد. این پژوهش به‌منظور بررسی اثر کم‌آبیاری بر عملکرد، اجزای عملکرد و بهره‌وری مصرف آب لوبیا چیتی در مزرعه تحقیقاتی دانشگاه لرستان انجام شد. تیمارهای آزمایشی شامل چهار سطح آبیاری برای گیاه لوبیا چیتی به روش آبیاری قطره‌ای نواری (تِیپ) و یک روش آبیاری سطحی بود. سطوح تأمین آب در آبیاری تیپ شامل؛ 120 درصد نیاز آبی ، 100 درصد نیاز آبی (شاهد، ،T100 )، دو سطح کم‌آبیاری (80 و 60 درصد نیاز آبی، T80 و T60) بودند. علاوه بر آن برای مقایسه عملکرد و بهره‌وری محصول در روش‌های آبیاری تیپ و سطحی، یک تیمار براساس تأمین 100 درصد نیاز آبی به روش آبیاری جویی و پشته‌ای اجرا شد (S100). بیش‌ترین و کم‌ترین عملکرد تولید دانه در تیمارهای S100 (kg/ha 3053) و T80 (kg/ha 7/821) مشاهده شد، البته گیاه در تیمار T60 موفق به تشکیل دانه نشد. عملکرد دانه در سطح آبیاری 100 درصد، در آبیاری سطحی نسبت به آبیاری تیپ، 18 درصد بیشتر بود. در صفات عملکرد بیولوژیک، شاخص برداشت، تعداد دانه در غلاف، تعداد دانه در بوته و وزن صد دانه نیز بیش‌ترین عملکردها در تیمار آبیاری سطحی حاصل و کم‌آبیاری موجب کاهش مقادیر صفات شد. بیش‌ترین بهره‌وری آب به‌ازای عملکرد دانه kg/m3 59/0 و به‌ازای عملکرد بیولوژیک kg/m3 28/1 برآورد شد که در تیمار T100 به‌دست آمد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Effect of Deficit Irrigation on Yield Components and Water Productivity of Pinto Beans Using Drip Tape Irrigation in Khorramabad Climatic

نویسندگان [English]

  • Fereshteh Darabi 1
  • Majid Sharifipour 2
  • Ali Heidar Nasrolahi 3
1 Master of Science in Irrigation and Drainage, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Lorestan University, Khorramabad, Iran.
2 Assistant Professor, Department of Water Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Lorestan University, Khorramabad, Iran
3 3- Assistant Professor, Department of Water Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Lorestan University, Khorramabad, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Irrigation has greatly contributed to crop production in arid and semi-arid regions. In addition, agricultural production in irrigated lands is more sustainable than in rain feed lands, which has helped significantly stabilize food prices in the world (Hanjra et al., 2009; Rosegrant and Cline, 2003). Considering the role of irrigation and scarce water resources, the United Nations Development Program has predicted that the future of food supply for the world's growing population will be affected by the water crisis, not the crisis of arable land (Du Toit, 2011). Therefore water is a major player in increasing agricultural production (Hanjra and Qureshi, 2010). At the same time, competition for water between the agricultural, industrial and urban sectors is also increasing (Dubois, 2011). Under such circumstances, any method or technology that can increase the productivity of water consumption (product per unit volume of water) will contribute to the development of food security. Naturally, cheap and simple methods and technologies, especially among low-income farmers in developing countries, will become more common; deficit irrigation is one of them.
Beans are an important source of protein, fiber, and nutrients and have for centuries played an important role in the human diet (Yonts et al., 2018). The bean is a water-consuming plant, its net water requirement in the Khorramabad Plain (Project Area) is about 5500 m3/ha, which is 2.5 times more than wheat and 2 times more than rapeseed (Zabihiafrous et al., 2018). Deficit irrigation of beans can be an effective solution to reduce the irrigation water consumption of this crop and increase its water productivity.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Drip tape irrigation
  • Water Productivity
  • Grain yield
  • Deficit irrigation

مراجع

  • Ahmadpour, A., Farhadi Bansouleh, B. and Ghobadi, M., 2017. Effects of deficit irrigation on growth trend, quantity and quality characteristics of maize in Kermanshah. Journal of Soil and Water Resources Conservation, 6 (3), pp.99-112. (In Persian).

 

  • Allen, R.G., Pereira, L.S., Raes, D. and Smith, M., 1998. Crop evapotranspiration-Guidelines for computing crop water requirements-FAO Irrigation and drainage paper 56. Fao, Rome, 300(9).

 

  • 2017. Ministry of Jihad-e-Agriculture, Deputy Director of Planning.

 

  • Anonymous. 2019, a. AQUASTAT website. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO).

 

  • 2019, b. Average weekly report on retail prices for some food products in Tehran on the last week of December. Iranian Central Bank. Bureau of Economic Statistics.

 

  • Bayat, A. A., Sepehri, A., Ahmadvand, G. and Dorri, H. R., Effect of water deficit stress on yield and yield components of pinto bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) genotypes. Iranian Journal of Crop Sciences, 12 (1):42- 54. (In Persian).

 

  • Beyzaiee, E., Dari, H.R., Ghanbari, A.A., Ghaffari Khaliq, H., Rahmani Ghobadi, A., Taheri Mazandarani, M., Shahriyin, N., Hedayatipour, A., Sadri, B., Ardeh, M.J., Yousefi, M., Dadivre, M., Lak, M.R., Hassan Mehraban, A., Samiei, D., Azarmi, M., Purdavai, H., Mostaed, B., Bashtini, E., Hashemi, Sh., Magdenasiri, B., Kamal, M. and Takasi, M., Cultivar release sadri. Journal of Breeding Seedlings and Seeds. 28 (1), pp.335-337. (In Persian).

 

  • Boutraa, T. and Sanders, F.E., 2001. Influence of water stress on grain yield and vegetative growth of two cultivars of bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science, 187(4), pp.251-257.

 

  • Chai, Q., Gan, Y., Turner, N.C., Zhang, R.Z., Yang, C., Niu, Y. and Siddique, K.H., 2014. Water-saving innovations in Chinese agriculture. Advances in Agronomy. 126, pp.149-201.

 

  • Chai, Q., Gan, Y., Zhao, C., Xu, H.L., Waskom, R.M., Niu, Y. and Siddique, K.H., 2016. Regulated deficit irrigation for crop production under drought stress, A review. Agronomy for Sustainable Development, 36(1), p.3.

 

  • Chaves, M.M., Maroco, J.P. and Pereira, J.S., 2003. Understanding plant responses to drought—from genes to the whole plant. Functional plant biology, 30(3), pp.239-264.

 

  • Du Toit, D.C., Ramonyai, M.L. and Ntushelo, V., 2011. Food security by directorate economic services. Production Economics Unit.Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, South Africa. Available online at: http://www. nda. agric. za/docs/GenReports/FoodSecurity. pdf (accessed 10 April 2017).

 

  • Dubois, O., 2011. The state of the world's land and water resources for food and agriculture: managing systems at risk. Earthscan.

 

  • Dursun, A., Variability, heritability and correlation studies in common bean (phaseolus vulgaris) genotypes. World Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 3(1), pp 12-16.

 

  • El-Mageed, T.A.A., Semida, W.M. and El-Wahed, M.H.A., 2016. Effect of mulching on plant water status, soil salinity and yield of squash under summer-fall deficit irrigation in salt affected soil. Agricultural Water Management, 173, pp.1-12.

 

  • El-Wahed, M.A., Baker, G.A., Ali, M.M. and El-Fattah, F.A.A., 2017. Effect of drip deficit irrigation and soil mulching on growth of common bean plant, water use efficiency and soil salinity. Scientia Horticulturae, 225, pp.235-242.
  • Farid, M., Earl, H.J. and Navabi, A., Yield stability of dry bean genotypes across nitrogen-fixation-dependent and fertilizer-dependent management systems. Crop Science, 56(1), pp 173-182. (In Persian).
  • Fisher, M.C., Hawkins, N.J., Sanglard, D. and Gurr, S.J., 2018. Worldwide emergence of resistance to antifungal drugs challenges human health and food security. Science, 360(6390), pp.739-742.

 

  • Frahm, M.A., Rosas, J.C., Mayek-Pérez, N., López-Salinas, E., Acosta-Gallegos, J.A. and Kelly, J.D., 2004. Breeding beans for resistance to terminal drought in the lowland tropics. Euphytica, 136(2), pp.223-232.‏

 

  • Gebeyehu, S., 2006. Physiological response to drought stress of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) genotypes differing in drought resistance. Cuvillier Verlag.

 

  • Ghanbari, A. A. and Taheri Mazandarani, M., Effects of sowing date and plant density on yield of spotted bean. Journal of Research Seed and Plant, 19(4), pp 483-496. (In Persian).

 

  • Ghasemi Golezani, K., Movvahedi, , Rahimzadeh Khoei, F. and Moghaddam, M., 1997. Effect of water deficit on growth and yield of two pea cultivars in different densities. Iranian Journal of Agricultural Science. 7(3, 4), pp 17-42. (In Persian)

 

  • Habibi, G. R. and Bihamta, M. R., Study of seed yield and some associate haracteristics in pinto bean under reduced irrigation. Pajouhesh and Sazandegi. 20(1), pp.34-46 (In Persian).

 

  • Hanjra, M.A. and Qureshi, M.E., 2010. Global water crisis and future food security in an era of climate change. Food Policy, 35(5), pp.365-377.

 

  • Hanjra, M.A., Ferede, T. and Gutta, D.G., 2009. Pathways to breaking the poverty trap in Ethiopia: investments in agricultural water, education, and markets. Agricultural Water Management, 96(11), pp.1596-1604.

 

  • Howell, T.A., Tolk, J.A., Evett, S.R., Copeland, K.S., Dusek, D.A. and Clemmens, A.J., 2007. Evapotranspiration of deficit irrigated sorghum and winter wheat. In Proceedings of the USCID Fourth International Conference on Irrigation and Drainage. The Role of Irrigation and Drainage in a Sustainable Future, Sacramento, CA, USA.

 

  • Işik, M., Önceler, Z., Cakir, S. and Altay, F., 2005. Effects of different irrigation regimes on the yield and yield components of dry bean (Phaseolus vulgaris). Acta Agronomica Hungarica, 52(4), pp.381-389.‏

 

  • Karimzadeh, H., Nezami, A., Kafi, M. and Tadayon, M.R., 2017. Effect of deficit irrigation on morphophysiological traits and yield of pinto bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) genotypes. Ph.D. Thesis, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad. (In Persian).

 

  • Khorramian, M. and Hosseinpour, M., 2016. Autumn sugarbeet irrigation water optimization basis of yield and cost functions in North of the Khuzestan. Journal of Irrigation Sciences and Engineering. 39 (3), pp 95- 106. (In Persian).

 

  • Khoshvaghti, H., Effect of water limitation on growth rate, grain filling and yield of three pinto bean cultivars. M.Sc. Thesis. Faculty of Agriculture. Tabriz University. (In Persian).

 

  • Kiani, M., Gheysari, M. and Mostafazadeh-Fard, B., 2013. Estimation of genetic coefficients and evaluation of OILCROP-SUN model under different levels of nitrogen fertilizer. Journal of Soil and Water Resources Conservation. 2 (3), pp 1-11. (In Persian).

 

  • Koocheki, A. and Banayane Avval, M., The physiology of crop yield. Jahad Daneshgahi Mashhad Press. (In Persian).

 

  • Lak, S., Naderi, N., Siadat, S. A., Aynehband, A. and Noormohammadi, Gh., Effects of water deficiency stress on yield and nitrogen efficiency of grain corn hybrid KSC 704 at different nitrogen rates and plant population. Iranian Jornal of Agricultural Science and Natural Recourses 14(2), pp 63-76. (In Persian).
  • Lesznyak, M., Hunyadi Borbely, E. and Csajbok, J., 2008. The role of nutrient-water-supply and the cultivation in the yield of pea (Pisum sativum L.). Cereal Research Communications, 36, pp.1079-1082.‏

 

  • Maphosa, Y. and Jideani, V.A., 2017. The role of legumes in human nutrition. In Improve Health through Adequate Food, pp.103-109.

 

  • Nazari Nasi, H., Jabari, F., Azimi, M.R. and Noroziyan, M., Evaluation of the effect of drought stress on cell membrane stability, photosynthesis rate, relative water content and grain yield of four pinto beans cultivars. Iranian Crop Sciences, 43(3), pp 491-499. (In Persian).

 

  • Porch, T.G., Ramirez, V.H., Santana, D. and Harmsen, E.W., 2009. Evaluation of common bean for drought tolerance in Juana Diaz, Puerto Rico. Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science, 195(5), pp.328-334.

 

  • Ramirez-Llodra, E., Tyler, P.A., Baker, M.C., Bergstad, O.A., Clark, M.R., Escobar, E., Levin, L.A., Menot, L., Rowden, A.A., Smith, C.R. and Van Dover, C.L., 2011. Man and the last great wilderness: human impact on the deep sea. PLoS one, 6(8), p.e22588.
  • Rosegrant, M.W. and Cline, S.A., 2003. Global food security: challenges and policies. Science, 302(5652), pp.1917-1919.

 

  • Santos, M.G., Ribeiro, R.V., de Oliveira, R.F., Machado, E.C. and Pimentel, C., 2006. The role of inorganic phosphate on photosynthesis recovery of common bean after a mild water deficit. Plant Science, 170(3), pp.659-664.

 

  • Shenkut, A.A. and Brick, M.A., 2003. Traits associated with dry edible bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) productivity under diverse soil moisture environments. Euphytica, 133(3), pp.339-347.‏

 

  • Soheili Movahed, S., Esmaili, M. A., Jabari, F. and Fouladi, A., 2016. Evaluation of yield and yield components of some genotypes of beet (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) in the end of season water restriction. Agricultural Ecology, 9(2), pp 433-444. (In Persian).

 

  • Souza, G.M., de Tarso Aidar, S., Giaveno, C.D. and de Oliveira, R.F., 2003. Drought stability in different common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) genotypes. Crop Breeding and Applied Biotechnology, 3(3) pp.203-208.

 

  • Trapp, J.J., Urrea, C.A., Zhou, J., Khot, L.R., Sankaran, S. and Miklas, P.N., 2016. Selective phenotyping traits related to multiple stress and drought response in dry bean. Crop Science, 56(4), pp.1460-1472.

 

  • Wakrim, R., Wahbi, S., Tahi, H., Aganchich, B. and Serraj, R., 2005. Comparative effects of partial root drying (PRD) and regulated deficit irrigation (RDI) on water relations and water use efficiency in common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, 106(2-3), pp.275-287.

 

  • Yonts, C.D., Haghverdi, A., Reichert, D.L. and Irmak, S., 2018. Deficit irrigation and surface residue cover effects on dry bean yield, in-season soil water content and irrigation water use efficiency in western Nebraska high plains. Agricultural Water Management, 199, pp.138-147.

 

  • Zabihiafrous, R.A., Jahanbakhsh Emami, J.B., Sabet, S.H. and Jawafshavoshkani., S., 2018. National Water Document: Net Plant Requirement (Information System and Plant Data) (Vol. 74). (In Persian).

 

  • Zafarani-Moattar, P., Raey, Y., Ghassemi Golezani, K. and Mohammadi, S.A., 2010. Effect of limited irrigation on growth and yield of bean cultivars. Journal of Agricultural Knowledge and Sustainable Production, 21(4), pp 85-94. (In Persian).
علوم و مهندسی آبیاری
دوره 44، شماره 4
دی 1400
صفحه 1-14

فایل ها

سابقه مقاله

  • تاریخ دریافت: 01 آبان 1398
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 14 آذر 1398
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 17 آذر 1398
  • تاریخ انتشار: 01 دی 1400

هم رسانی

ارجاع به این مقاله

آمار