The effect of the Geometric Shape of Bioreactors and Organic Matter on the Efficiency of Nitrate Removal from Drainage Water

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 Graduate, MSc Irrigation and Drainage Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran.

2 Associate Professor. Department of Water Engineering, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran.

3 Associate Professor. Department of Water Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran.

4 Assistant Professor. Department of Water Engineering, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran.

چکیده

Denitrification bioreactors for nitrate removal from agricultural water effluents have improved in recent years due to their low cost and ease of use. Scientific results and local experience are required for the optimal use of bioreactors. This study aimed to study nitrate removal efficiency and the effectiveness of each of these factors. Thus, 27 pilot bioreactors had the same volume and depth with different cross-sections in a randomized statistical design. Three geometric shapes of the trapezoid, rectangle, and triangle for the cross-section bioreactors and three organic matters including wood chips, corn stem chips, and wheat straw in 3 replications were used. Nitrate concentration at the inlet of the reactor and their outlet was measured at hydraulic retention times of 3, 6, 12, 16, and 24 hours. According to the average nitrate removal from the effluent, wood chips, wheat straw, and corn stem chips with 31.3, 28.6, and 27%, respectively, were prioritized during the 24-hour hydraulic retention time. Therefore, wood chips are the most suitable organic matter for nitrate removal from drainage water in actual biological reactors compared to other organic materials used in this study. The results demonstrated nitrate removal the 25.6, 30.1, and 35.3% for triangular, rectangular, and trapezoidal geometric shapes, respectively, for wood chips organic matters. Also, reactors with trapezoidal cross-sections have higher efficiency. In sum, this study showed that where there is a limit to the supply of wood chips, wheat straw and corn stalk chips can be used in bioreactors to remove nitrate.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

The effect of the Geometric Shape of Bioreactors and Organic Matter on the Efficiency of Nitrate Removal from Drainage Water

نویسندگان [English]

  • Hosein Asgari 1
  • Javanshir Azizi Mobaser 2
  • Ali Rasoulzadeh 3
  • Javad Ramezani Moghadam 4
1 Graduate, MSc Irrigation and Drainage Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran.
2 Associate Professor. Department of Water Engineering, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran.
3 Associate Professor. Department of Water Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran.
4 Assistant Professor. Department of Water Engineering, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Denitrification bioreactors for nitrate removal from agricultural water effluents have improved in recent years due to their low cost and ease of use. Scientific results and local experience are required for the optimal use of bioreactors. This study aimed to study nitrate removal efficiency and the effectiveness of each of these factors. Thus, 27 pilot bioreactors had the same volume and depth with different cross-sections in a randomized statistical design. Three geometric shapes of the trapezoid, rectangle, and triangle for the cross-section bioreactors and three organic matters including wood chips, corn stem chips, and wheat straw in 3 replications were used. Nitrate concentration at the inlet of the reactor and their outlet was measured at hydraulic retention times of 3, 6, 12, 16, and 24 hours. According to the average nitrate removal from the effluent, wood chips, wheat straw, and corn stem chips with 31.3, 28.6, and 27%, respectively, were prioritized during the 24-hour hydraulic retention time. Therefore, wood chips are the most suitable organic matter for nitrate removal from drainage water in actual biological reactors compared to other organic materials used in this study. The results demonstrated nitrate removal the 25.6, 30.1, and 35.3% for triangular, rectangular, and trapezoidal geometric shapes, respectively, for wood chips organic matters. Also, reactors with trapezoidal cross-sections have higher efficiency. In sum, this study showed that where there is a limit to the supply of wood chips, wheat straw and corn stalk chips can be used in bioreactors to remove nitrate.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Denitrification
  • Water Reuse
  • Hydraulic Retention Time
  • Wood Chip

مراجع

  • Aalto, S.L., Suurnäkki, S., von Ahnen, M., Siljanen, H.M., Pedersen, P.B. and Tiirola, M. (2020). Nitrate removal microbiology in woodchip bioreactors: A case study with full-scale bioreactors treating aquaculture effluents. Science of the Total Environment, 723, p.138093.

 

  • Abdi Aghdam, F., Rasoulzadeh, A., Ghavidel, A., and Torabi Giglou, M., (2018). The effect of water drainage on soil properties and yield of tomato in Moghan plain. M.Sc. dissertation, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil.

 

  • Abdi, D.E., Owen Jr, J.S., Brindley, J.C., Birnbaum, A.C., Wilson, P.C., Hinz, F.O., Reguera, G., Lee, J.Y., Cregg, B.M., Kort, D.R. and Fernandez, R.T. (2020). Nutrient and pesticide remediation using a two-stage bioreactor-adsorptive system under two hydraulic retention times. Water Research, 170, p.115311.
  • Asgari, H., Azizi Mobaser, J., Rasoulzadeh, A., Ramezani Moghaddam, J. (2020). 'Evaluating the Efficiency of Bioreactor with Triangular Cross Section to Remove Nitrate from Agricultural Wastewater', Iranian Journal of Soil and Water Research, 51(5), pp. 1105-1113.

 

  • Ashoori, N., Teixido, M., Spahr, S., Lefebvre, G.H., Sedlak, D.L. and Luthy, R.G. (2019). Evaluation of pilot-scale biochar-amended woodchip bioreactors to remove nitrate, and metals, and trace organic contaminants from urban stormwater runoff. Water Research, 154, pp.1-11.

 

  • Cameron, S G. and Schipper, L. A. (2012). Hydraulic properties, hydraulic efficiency, and nitrate removal of organic carbon media for use in denitrification beds. Journal of Ecological Engineering, 41, 1-7.

 

  • Christianson, L., Castelló, A., Christianson, R., Helmers, M. and Bhandari, A. (2010). Hydraulic property determination of denitrifying bioreactor fills media. Journal of Applied Engineering in Agriculture, 26(5), 849-854.

 

  • Christianson, L., Christianson, R., Helmers, M., Pederson, C., and Bhandari, A. (2013). Modeling and calibration of drainage denitrification bioreactor design criteria. Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering, 139(9), 699-709.

 

  • Christianson, L.E., Bhandari, A. and Helmers, M.J. (2012). A practice-oriented review of woodchip bioreactors for subsurface agricultural drainage. Journal of Applied engineering in agriculture, 28(6), 861-874.

 

  • Christianson, L.E., Bhandari, A. and Helmers, M.J., 2011. Pilot-scale evaluation of denitrification drainage bioreactors: Reactor geometry and performance. Journal of Environmental Engineering, 137(4), pp.213-220.

 

  • Christianson, L.E., Lepine, C., Sibrell, P.L., Penn, C. and Summerfelt, S.T. (2017). Denitrifying woodchip bioreactor and phosphorus filter pairing to minimize pollution swapping. Water Research, 121, pp.129-139.

 

  • Corbett, T.D., Dougherty, H., Maxwell, B., Hartland, A., Henderson, W., Rys, G.J. and Schipper, L.A., (2019). Utility of Diffusive Gradients in Thin-Films' for the measurement of nitrate removal performance of denitrifying bioreactors. Science of the Total Environment, p.135-267.

 

  • Feyereisen G W., Moorman T B., Christianson L E., Venterea R T., Coulter J A., and Tschirner U W. (2016). Performance of Agricultural Residue Media in Laboratory Denitrifying Bioreactors at Low Temperatures. Journal of environmental quality, 45 (3), 779-787.

 

  • Greenan, C M., T. B. Moorman, T B. Parkin, T C. Kaspar, and D B. Jaynes. (2009). Denitrification in wood chip bioreactors at different water flows. Journal of environmental quality, 38(4), 1664-1671.

 

  • Hashemi SE, Heidarpour, M., and Mostafazade Fard, B. 2011. Investigation of nitrate removal in two forms of biofilter position in subsurface drainage systems. Journal of Irrigation science and engineering, 34(2), 71 - 81. (In Farsi)

 

  • Hashemi, M., Naseri, A., Takdastan, A. (2017). 'Investigation of the Sugarcane Bagasse Adsorbent Efficiency For Nitrate Removal from Agricultural Outflow Drainage', Irrigation Sciences and Engineering, 40(3), pp. 1-10

 

  • Hashemi, S., Heidarpour, M., Mostafazadeh-Fard, B. (2011). 'Investigation of Nitrate Removal in Two Forms of Biofilter Position in Subsurface drainage systems', Irrigation Sciences and Engineering, 34(2), pp. 71-82.

 

  • Hassanpour, B., Giri, S., Pluer, W T., Steenhuis, T S. and Geohring, L.D. (2017). Seasonal performance of denitrifying bioreactors in the Northeastern United States: Field trials. Journal of environmental management, 202, 242-253.

 

  • Hoover, Natasha L Bhandari, A., Soupir, M L, and Moorman T B. (2016). Woodchip Denitrification Bioreactors: Impact of Temperature and Hydraulic Retention Time on Nitrate Removal. Journal of environmental quality 45 (3), 803-812.

 

  • Jalali, R., azizi mobaser, J., ghavidel, A., Rasoulzadeh, A., ramezani moghaddam, J. (2021). Investigation of woodchip bioreactor for nitrate removal from wastewater, Iranian Journal of Soil and Water Research, 52(4), 887-898.

 

  • Jin, S., Feng, C., Tong, S., Chen, N., Liu, H., & Zhao, J. (2019). Effect of sawdust dosage and hydraulic retention time (HRT) on nitrate removal in sawdust/pyrite mixotrophic denitrification (SPMD) systems. Environmental Science: Water Research & Technology, 5(2), 346-357.

 

  • Kaetzl, K., Lübken, M., Gehring, T. and Wichern, M., (2018). Efficient low-cost anaerobic treatment of wastewater using biochar and woodchip filters. Water, 10(7), p.818.

 

  • Lepine, C., Christianson, L., Sharrer, K. and Summerfelt, S. (2016). Optimizing hydraulic retention times in denitrifying woodchip bioreactors treating recirculating aquaculture system wastewater. Journal of environmental quality, 45(3), 813-821.

 

  • Lopez-Ponnada, E.V., Lynn, T.J., Peterson, M., Ergas, S.J. and Mihelcic, J.R. (2017. Application of denitrifying wood chip bioreactors for management of residential non-point sources of nitrogen. Journal of biological engineering, 11(1), p.16.

 

  • Mardani, S., McDaniel, R., Bleakley, B.H., Hamilton, T.L., Salam, S., and Amegbletor, L. (2020). The effect of woodchip bioreactors on microbial concentration in subsurface drainage water and the associated risk of antibiotic resistance dissemination. Ecological Engineering: X, p.100017.

 

 

  • Maxwell, B.M., Díaz-García, C., Martinez-Sánchez, J.J., Brigand, F. and Álvarez-Rogel, J. (2020). Temperature sensitivity of nitrate removal in woodchip bioreactors increases with woodchip age and following drying–rewetting cycles. Environmental Science: Water Research & Technology, 6(10), pp.2752-2765.

 

  • Nordstrom, A. and Herbert, R. (2017). Field-scale denitrifying woodchip bioreactor treating high nitrate mine water at low temperatures. In 13th International Mine Water Association Congress-Mine Water & Circular Economy. Lappeenranta University of Technology, Finland.

 

  • Povilaitis, A. and Matikienė, J., 2020. Nitrate removal from tile drainage water: The performance of denitrifying woodchip bioreactors amended with activated carbon and flaxseed cake. Agricultural Water Management, 229, p.105937.

 

  • Rivas, A., Barkle, G., Stenger, R., Moorhead, B. and Clague, J., 2020. Nitrate removal and secondary effects of a woodchip bioreactor for the treatment of subsurface drainage with dynamic flows under pastoral agriculture. Ecological Engineering, 148, p.105786.

 

  • Schipper, L.A., and Vojvodic-Vukovic, M. 2001. Five years of nitrate removal, denitrification, and carbon dynamics in a denitrification wall. Water Research, 35(14), 3473-3477.

 

  • Sharrer, K.L., Christianson, L.E., Lepine, C. and Summerfelt, S.T. (2016). Modeling and mitigation of denitrification 'woodchip' bioreactor phosphorus releases during treatment of aquaculture wastewater. Ecological Engineering, 93, 135-143.

 

  • Soupir, M.L., Hoover, N.L., Moorman, T.B., Law, J.Y. and Bearson, B.L. (2018). Impact of temperature and hydraulic retention time on pathogen and nutrient removal in woodchip bioreactors. Ecological Engineering, 112, 153-157.

 

  • Tangier, S., Naseri, A., Moazed, H., Hashemi Garm Dareh, S., Boroomand nasab, S. (2017). 'Evaluate the Performance of Sugarcane Bagasse as a Carbonic Source Required in the Design of Denitrification Substrates', Irrigation Sciences and Engineering, 40(2), pp. 39-57.

 

  • Yao, Z., Yang, L., Wang, F., Tian, L., Song, N. and Jiang, H. (2020). Enhanced nitrate removal from surface water in a denitrifying woodchip bioreactor with a heterotrophic nitrifying and aerobic denitrifying fungus. BBioresourceTechnology, 303, p.122948.

 

  • Zhao, J., He, Q., Chen, N., Peng, T., and Feng, C. (2020). Denitrification behavior in a woodchip-packed bioreactor with gradient filling for nitrate contaminated water treatment. Biochemical Engineering Journal, 154, p.107454.

 

علوم و مهندسی آبیاری
دوره 45، شماره 2
تیر 1401
صفحه 49-62

فایل ها

سابقه مقاله

  • تاریخ دریافت: 12 دی 1400
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 20 خرداد 1401
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 21 خرداد 1401
  • تاریخ انتشار: 01 تیر 1401

هم رسانی

ارجاع به این مقاله

آمار