Document Type : Research Paper
Authors
1
1- PhD Candidate, Department of Irrigation and Drainage, College of Water and Environmental Engineering, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz.
2
Professor, Department of Irrigation and Drainage, College of Water and Environmental Engineering, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz.
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Professor, Department of Irrigation and Drainage, College of Water and Environmental Engineering, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz
4
Assistant Professor, Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Water and Environmental Engineering, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz
5
Associate Professor, Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz
Abstract
Most of the soils of arid and semi-arid regions of Iran have less than 1% of organic matter, which causes a decrease in the quality of some physical characteristics of the soil, including a decrease in the stability of soil grains, destruction of the soil structure, and a decrease in saturated hydraulic conductivity (Gholami J, Emami, H., 2021). This has caused excessive use of chemical fertilizers, especially nitrogen fertilizers, and non-use of organic fertilizers in recent years (Diacono and Montemurro, 2011). One solution to increase the amount of organic matter in agricultural soils is the use of organic fertilizers. Every year, a large amount of plant residues are produced in the country, and farmers are often concerned about how to manage them (Amiri and Alinia, 2010). Another useful way to use plant residues is to convert them into biochar. Biochar is a type of charcoal prepared from plant biomass and agricultural waste, which are burned in the presence of low amounts of oxygen or its absence (Masto et al., 2013).Research has shown that the mineralization process of biochar takes place slowly due to its high stability (Salmani et al., 2014). In a research, the effect of adding biochar and a superabsorbent (independently of each other) on some physical properties of two types of sandy loam soil and clay loam soil was investigated. The results showed that the use of superabsorbent and biochar in the studied soils had the greatest effect on Ks and θpwp (Zare Abyaneh, H., et al, 2022). The production of biochar from the spent mushroom substrate stabilizes and preserves the nutrients of the spent mushroom substrate, and by increasing the pore volume of biochar compared to the mushroom substrate, it increases the water retention capacity and also reduces the pollution of underground water resources (Lou et al. 2017). The review of various studies has shown that factors such as the raw material of biochar, the temperature of biochar processing, as well as soil characteristics, plant type and irrigation type are directly related to biochar performance (Shi et al., 2020).Therefore, this research was conducted with the aim of investigating the use of biochar produced from spent mushroom bed in the soil and its effect on the concentration of some elements, acidity and electrical conductivity in the effluent of lettuce cultivation.
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