Nitrogen and phosphorus are essential for the growth and vitality of living organisms; hence they are called nutrients. However, the discharge of nutrient-rich waste streams into aquatic ecosystems leads to eutrophication. Therefore, nutrient removal from wastewater is critical to meet strict nutrient discharge standards. In general, the management of water and wastewater resources is essential to achieve sustainable development. Today, with the progress of urbanization, the necessity to remove nutrients from domestic wastewater that threaten human health is strongly felt. Therefore, it is necessary to develop current methods in addition to using previous methods in nutrient removal to be economically viable and also to increase the efficiency of the system. Due to the presence of nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorus, domestic wastewater causes the rapid growth of all kinds of algae after being discharged into the water and finally ends in the phenomenon of enrichment. As a result, it is necessary to reduce the amount of phosphorus and nitrogen as much as possible before discharging the wastewater into water sources. Therefore, in this study, a new perspective of modern filtration technologies in the removal of phosphorus and nitrogen is given. It is necessary to explain that most of the following methods are relatively new methods that are converted into methods with higher efficiency and lower costs for domestic wastewater treatment by combining or modifying the main process.
Abdel-Raouf, N., Al-Homaidan, A.A. and Ibraheem, I., 2012. Microalgae and wastewater treatment. Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences, 19(3), pp.257-275. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sjbs.2012.04.005.
Andalib, M., 2011. Biological Nutrient Removal from Municipal and Industrial Wastewater Using a Twin Circulating Fluidized Bed Bioreactor. The University of Western Ontario (Canada). https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/etd/119.
Anjali, G. and Sabumon, P.C., 2024. Revolutionizing Wastewater Treatment: Cutting-Edge Technologies for Biological Nutrient Removal. In Biological and Hybrid Wastewater Treatment Technology: Recent Developments in India(pp. 125-158). Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-63046-0_6
Carvalho, G., Lemos, P.C., Oehmen, A. and Reis, M.A., 2007. Denitrifying phosphorus removal: linking the process performance with the microbial community structure. Water research, 41(19), pp.4383-4396. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2007.06.065.
Chen, H., Wang, H., Chen, R., Chang, S., Yao, Y., Jiang, C., Wu, S., Wei, Y., Yu, G., Yang, M. and Li, Y.Y., 2021(a). Unveiling performance stability and its recovery mechanisms of one-stage partial nitritation-anammox process with airlift enhanced micro-granules. Bioresource Technology, 330, p.124961. https://doorg/10.1016/j.biortech.2021.124961.
Chen, H., Wang, H., Yu, G., Xiong, Y., Wu, H., Yang, M., Chen, R., Yang, E., Jiang, C. and Li, Y.Y., 2021(b). Key factors governing the performance and microbial community of one-stage partial nitritation and anammox system with bio-carriers and airlift circulation. Bioresource Technology, 324, p.124668. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2021.124668.
Chen, J., Yu, Z., Cheng, P., Tan, Y., Fan, X., Xu, X. and Zhu, L., 2024. Microbial synergy achieving simultaneous nitrification-denitrification (SND) in salt-tolerant aerobic granular sludge. Journal of Water Process Engineering, 60, p.105138. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jwpe.2024.105138
Connor, R., (2017). United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Western Asia, Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific and United Nations Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean, . The United Nations World Water Development Report, Wastewater: the Untapped R https://wedocs.unep.org/20.500.11822/20448
De Kreuk, M.K., Heijnen, J.J. and Van Loosdrecht, M.C.M., 2005. Simultaneous COD, nitrogen, and phosphate removal by aerobic granular sludge. Biotechnology and Bioengineering, 90(6), pp.761-769. https://doi.org/10.1002/bit.20470.
Do, M.H., Ngo, H.H., Guo, W., Chang, S.W., Nguyen, D.D., Liu, Y., Varjani, S. and Kumar, M., 2020. Microbial fuel cell-based biosensor for online monitoring wastewater quality: a critical review. Science of The Total Environment, 712, p.135612. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitot2019.135612.
Dube, P.J., Vanotti, M.B., Szogi, A.A. and García-González, M.C., 2016. Enhancing recovery of ammonia from swine manure anaerobic digester effluent using gas-permeable membrane technology. Waste Management, 49, pp.372-377. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2015.12.011.
Eslamian, S, 2016, (ed.) Urban Water Reuse Handbook, Taylor and Francis, CRC Group, USA, 1141 Pages.
Faraji, M., Noormohammadi, F., Jafarinejad, S. and Moradi, M., 2017. Supramolecular-based solvent microextraction of carbaryl in water samples followed by high performance liquid chromatography determination. International Journal of Environmental Analytical Chemistry, 97(8), pp.730-742. https://doi.org/10.1080/03067319.2017.1353088.
Freitas, F., Temudo, M. and Reis, M.A., 2005. Microbial population response to changes of the operating conditions in a dynamic nutrient-removal sequencing batch reactor. Bioprocess and Biosystems Engineering, 28, pp.199-209. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00449-005-0029-9.
Ganigué, R., Gabarró, J., Sànchez-Melsió, A., Ruscalleda, M., López, H., Vila, X., Colprim, J. and Balaguer, M.D., 2009. Long-term operation of a partial nitritation pilot plant treating leachate with extremely high ammonium concentration prior to an anammox process. Bioresource Technology, 100(23), pp.5624-5632. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2009.06.023.
He, Q., Song, Q., Zhang, S., Zhang, W. and Wang, H., 2018. Simultaneous nitrification, denitrification and phosphorus removal in an aerobic granular sequencing batch reactor with mixed carbon sources: reactor performance, extracellular polymeric substances and microbial successions. Chemical Engineering Journal, 331, pp.841-849. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2017.09.060.
He, Q., Zhang, S., Zou, Z., Zheng, L.A. and Wang, H., 2016. Unraveling characteristics of simultaneous nitrification, denitrification and phosphorus removal (SNDPR) in an aerobic granular sequencing batch reactor. Bioresource Technology, 220, pp.651-655. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2016.08.105.
Heisler, J., Glibert, P.M., Burkholder, J.M., Anderson, D.M., Cochlan, W., Dennison, W.C., Dortch, Q., Gobler, C.J., Heil, C.A., Humphries, E. and Lewitus, A., 2008. Eutrophication and harmful algal blooms: a scientific consensus. Harmful Algae, 8(1), pp.3-13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hal.2008.08.006.
Hellinga, C.S.A.A.J.C., Schellen, A.A.J.C., Mulder, J.W., van Loosdrecht, M.V. and Heijnen, J.J., 1998. The SHARON process: an innovative method for nitrogen removal from ammonium-rich waste water. Water Science and Technology, 37(9), pp.135-142. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0273-1223(98)00281-9.
Jafarinejad, S. and Jiang, S.C., 2019. Current technologies and future directions for treating petroleum refineries and petrochemical plants (PRPP) wastewaters. Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering, 7(5), p.103326. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jece.2019.103326.
Jafarinejad, S., 2017. Cost estimation and economical evaluation of three configurations of activated sludge process for a wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) using simulation. Applied Water Science, 7(5), pp.2513-2521. https://org/10.1007/s13201-016-0446-8.
Jafarinejad, S., 2019(a). Cost-effective catalytic materials for AOP treatment units. Applications of advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) in drinking water treatment, pp.309-343. https://doi.org/10.1007/698_2017_77.
Jafarinejad, S., 2019(b). Simulation for the performance and economic evaluation of conventional activated sludge process replacing by sequencing batch reactor technology in a petroleum refinery wastewater treatment plant. ChemEngineering, 3(2), p.45. https://doi.org/10.3390/chemengineering3020045.
Jafarinejad, S., Faraji, M., Jafari, P. and Mokhtari-Aliabad, J., 2017. Removal of lead ions from aqueous solutions using novel-modified magnetic nanoparticles: optimization, isotherm, and kinetics studies. Desalination and Water Treatment, 92, pp.267-274. https://doi.org/10.5004/dwt.2017.21562
Kehrein, P., Van Loosdrecht, M., Osseweijer, P., Garfí, M., Dewulf, J. and Posada, J., 2020. A critical review of resource recovery from municipal wastewater treatment plants–market supply potentials, technologies and bottlenecks. Environmental Science: Water Research & Technology, 6(4), pp.877-910. https://doi.org/10.1039/C9EW00905A.
Koop, S.H. and van Leeuwen, C.J., 2017. The challenges of water, waste and climate change in cities. Environment, development and sustainability, 19(2), pp.385-418. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10668-016-9760-4.
Kwak, W., Rout, P.R., Lee, E. and Bae, J., 2020. Influence of hydraulic retention time and temperature on the performance of an anaerobic ammonium oxidation fluidized bed membrane bioreactor for low-strength ammonia wastewater treatment. Chemical Engineering Journal, 386, p.123992. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2019.123992.
Le, V.G., Vo, D.V.N., Tran, H.T., Duy Dat, N., Luu, S.D., Rahman, M.M., Huang, Y.H. and Vu, C.T., 2021. Recovery of magnesium from industrial effluent and its implication on carbon capture and storage. ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering, 9(19), pp.6732-6740. https://doi.org/10.1021/acssuschemeng.1c00754.
Lee, E., Rout, P.R. and Bae, J., 2021. The applicability of anaerobically treated domestic wastewater as a nutrient medium in hydroponic lettuce cultivation: Nitrogen toxicity and health risk assessment. Science of The Total Environment, 780, p.146482. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.146482.
Li, Y., Pan, Z., Liao, J., Dai, R., Lin, J.G., Ling, J. and Xu, Y., 2024. Micro-aeration and low influent C/N are key environmental factors for achieving ANAMMOX in livestock farming wastewater treatment plants. Water Research, 253, p.120141. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2023.120141
Liang, Z., 2007. Control factors of partial nitritation for landfill leachate treatment. Journal of environmental sciences, 19(5), pp.523-529. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1001-0742(07)60087-4.
Liu, T., Ma, B., Chen, X., Ni, B.J., Peng, Y. and Guo, J., 2017. Evaluation of mainstream nitrogen removal by simultaneous partial nitrification, anammox and denitrification (SNAD) process in a granule-based reactor. Chemical Engineering Journal, 327, pp.973-981. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2017.06.173
Liu, Y., Kwag, J.H., Kim, J.H. and Ra, C., 2011. Recovery of nitrogen and phosphorus by struvite crystallization from swine wastewater. Desalination, 277(1-3), pp.364-369. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2011.04.056.
Ma, B., Bao, P., Wei, Y., Zhu, G., Yuan, Z. and Peng, Y., 2015. Suppressing nitrite-oxidizing bacteria growth to achieve nitrogen removal from domestic wastewater via anammox using intermittent aeration with low dissolved oxygen. Scientific reports, 5(1), p.13048. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep13048
Ma, B., Wang, S., Cao, S., Miao, Y., Jia, F., Du, R. and Peng, Y., 2016. Biological nitrogen removal from sewage via anammox: recent advances. Bioresource Technology, 200, pp.981-990. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2015.10.074.
Ma, B., Xu, X., Wei, Y., Ge, C. and Peng, Y., 2020. Recent advances in controlling denitritation for achieving denitratation/anammox in mainstream wastewater treatment plants. Bioresource Technology, 299, p.122697. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2019.122697.
Mao, N., Ren, H., Geng, J., Ding, L. and Xu, K., 2017. Engineering application of anaerobic ammonium oxidation process in wastewater treatment. World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology, 33, pp.1-11. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11274-017-2313-7.
Mofijur, M., Fattah, I.R., Kumar, P.S., Siddiki, S.Y.A., Rahman, S.A., Ahmed, S.F., Ong, H.C., Lam, S.S., Badruddin, I.A., Khan, T.Y. and Mahlia, T.M.I., 2021. Bioenergy recovery potential through the treatment of the meat processing industry waste in Australia. Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering, 9(4), p.105657. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jece.2021.105657.
Montwedi, M., Munyaradzi, M., Pinoy, L., Dutta, A., Ikumi, D.S., Motoasca, E. and Van der Bruggen, B., 2021. Resource recovery from and management of wastewater in rural South Africa: Possibilities and practices. Journal of Water Process Engineering, 40, p.101978. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jwpe.2021.101978.
Mulder, J.W., Van Loosdrecht, M.C.M., Hellinga, C. and Van Kempen, R., 2001. Full-scale application of the SHARON process for treatment of rejection water of digested sludge dewatering. Water Science and Technology, 43(11), pp.127-134. https://doi.org/10.2166/wst.2001.0675.
Normative documents on the guidance of prices (NDGP), 2017. China environmental statistics yearbook. https://www.yearbookchina.com/ navibooklist-n3020013264-1. (Accessed 16 March 2021).
Pourmohammad, M., Faraji, M. and Jafarinejad, S., 2020. Extraction of chromium (VI) in water samples by dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction based on deep eutectic solvent and determination by UV–Vis spectrophotometry. International Journal of Environmental Analytical Chemistry, 100(10), pp.1146-1159. https://doi.org/10.1080/03067319.2019.1650920.
Prosser, R.S. and Sibley, P.K., 2015. Human health risk assessment of pharmaceuticals and personal care products in plant tissue due to biosolids and manure amendments, and wastewater irrigation. Environment International, 75, pp.223-233. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2014.11.020.
Qiu, S., Li, Z., Hu, Y., Shi, L., Liu, R., Shi, L., Chen, L. and Zhan, X., 2021. What’s the best way to achieve successful mainstream partial nitritation-anammox application? Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology, 51(10), pp.1045-1077. https://doi.org/10.1080/10643389.2020.1745015.
Qu, J., Wang, H., Wang, K., Yu, G., Ke, B., Yu, H.Q., Ren, H., Zheng, X., Li, J., Li, W.W. and Gao, S., 2019. Municipal wastewater treatment in China: Development history and future perspectives. Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering, 13, pp.1-7. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11783-019-1172-x.
Rene, E.R., Ge, J., Kumar, G., Singh, R.P. and Varjani, S., 2020. Resource recovery from wastewater, solid waste, and waste gas: engineering and management aspects. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 27, pp.17435-17437. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-08802-4.
Rosas-Echeverría, K., Fall, C., Gutiérrez-Segura, E., Romero-Camacho, M.P. and Ba, K.M., 2023. Mechanisms of persistence and impact of ordinary heterotrophic organisms in aerobic granular sludge. Bioresource Technology, 384, p.129346. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2023.129346
Rouzitalab, Z., Maklavany, D.M., Jafarinejad, S. and Rashidi, A., 2020. Lignocellulose-based adsorbents: A spotlight review of the effective parameters on carbon dioxide capture process. Chemosphere, 246, p.125756. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.125756.
Roy, S., Nirakar, P., Yong, N.H. and Stefan, W., 2021. Denitrification kinetics indicates nitrous oxide uptake is unaffected by electron competition in Accumulibacter. Water Research, 189, p.116557. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2020.116557.
Rubio-Rincón, F.J., Lopez-Vazquez, C.M., Welles, L., Van Loosdrecht, M.C.M. and Brdjanovic, D., 2017. Cooperation between Candidatus Competibacter and Candidatus Accumulibacter clade I, in denitrification and phosphate removal processes. Water Research, 120, pp.156-164. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2017.05.001.
Shammas, N.K. and Wang, L.K., 2010. A/O phosphorus removal biotechnology. In Environmental Biotechnology(pp. 783-814). Totowa, NJ: Humana Press. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-60327-140-0_17.
Singh, P., Bisen, M., Kulshreshtha, S., Kumar, L., Choudhury, S.R., Nath, M.J., Mandal, M., Kumar, A. and Patel, S.K., 2025. Advancement in Anaerobic Ammonia Oxidation Technologies for Industrial Wastewater Treatment and Resource Recovery: A Comprehensive Review and Perspectives. Bioengineering, 12(4), p.330. https://doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering12040330
Skilhagen, S.E., Dugstad, J.E. and Aaberg, R.J., 2008. Osmotic power—power production based on the osmotic pressure difference between waters with varying salt gradients. Desalination, 220(1-3), pp.476-482. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2007.02.045.
Sun, L., Shewa, W.A., Bossy, K. and Dagnew, M., 2024. Simultaneous nitrification and denitrification framework for decentralized systems: Long-term study utilizing rope-type biofilm media under field conditions. Science of The Total Environment, 956, p.177337. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.177337
Takeda, P.Y., Paula, C.T., Carneiro, R.B., do Vale Borges, A., Grangeiro, L.C. and Damianovic, M.H.R.Z., 2025. Challenges in achieving partial nitrification: Simultaneous nitrification-denitrification as the dominant pathway in municipal wastewater treatment. Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering, 13(2), p.115839. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jece.2025.115839
United States Environmental Protection Agency, 2009. Nutrient Control Design Manual, State of Technology Review Report. Office of research and development, National Risk Management Research Laboratory eWater Supply and Water Resources D EPA/600/R-09/012.
Van de Graaf, A.A., de Bruijn, P., Robertson, L.A., Jetten, M.S. and Kuenen, J.G., 1996. Autotrophic growth of anaerobic ammonium-oxidizing micro-organisms in a fluidized bed reactor. Microbiology, 142(8), pp.2187-2196. https://doi.org/10.1099/13500872-142-8-2187.
Van Vliet, M.T., Flörke, M. and Wada, Y., 2017. Quality matters for water scarcity. Nature Geoscience, 10(11), pp.800-802. https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo3047.
Volpin, F., Chekli, L., Phuntsho, S., Cho, J., Ghaffour, N., Vrouwenvelder, J.S. and Shon, H.K., 2018. Simultaneous phosphorous and nitrogen recovery from source-separated urine: A novel application for fertiliser drawn forward osmosis. Chemosphere, 203, pp.482-489. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.03.193.
Vu, M.T., Price, W.E., He, T., Zhang, X. and Nghiem, L.D., 2019. Seawater-driven forward osmosis for pre-concentrating nutrients in digested sludge centrate. Journal of Environmental Management, 247, pp.135-139. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenv2019.06.082.
Wang, D., Wang, Q., Laloo, A., Xu, Y., Bond, P.L. and Yuan, Z., 2016. Achieving stable nitritation for mainstream deammonification by combining free nitrous acid-based sludge treatment and oxygen limitation. Scientific Reports, 6(1), p.25547. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep25547.
Wang, S., Li, Z., Wang, D., Li, Y. and Sun, L., 2020. Performance and population structure of two carbon sources granular enhanced biological phosphorus removal systems at low temperature. Bioresource Technology, 300, p.122683. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2019.122683.
Wang, Z., Sun, C., Zhou, Y., Yu, Q., Xu, X., Zhao, Z. and Zhang, Y., 2022. Anaerobic ammonium oxidation driven by dissimilatory iron reduction in autotrophic Anammox consortia. Bioresource Technology, 364, p.128077. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.202128077
Wei, D., Zhang, K., Ngo, H.H., Guo, W., Wang, S., Li, J., Han, F., Du, B. and Wei, Q., 2017. Nitrogen removal via nitrite in a partial nitrification sequencing batch biofilm reactor treating high strength ammonia wastewater and its greenhouse gas emission. Bioresource Technology, 230, pp.49-55. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2017.01.033.
Wu, T., Yang, S.S., Zhong, L., Pang, J.W., Zhang, L., Xia, X.F., Yang, F., Xie, G.J., Liu, B.F., Ren, N.Q. and Ding, J., 2023. Simultaneous nitrification, denitrification and phosphorus removal: what have we done so far and how do we need to do in the future?. Science of the Total Environment, 856, p.158977. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158977.
Xue, W., Tobino, T., Nakajima, F. and Yamamoto, K., 2015. Seawater-driven forward osmosis for enriching nitrogen and phosphorous in treated municipal wastewater: effect of membrane properties and feed solution chemistry. Water Research, 69, pp.120-130. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2014.11.007.
Yan, J., Wu, L., Ye, W., Zhou, J., Ji, Q., Gomez, M.A., Hong, Y., Lin, J.G. and Zhang, H., 2024. Ferric and sulfate coupled ammonium oxidation enhanced nitrogen removal in two-stage partial nitrification-Anammox/denitrification process for food waste liquid digestate treatment. Bioresource Technology, 398, p.130533. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2024.130533
Yang, Q., Shen, N., Lee, Z.M.P., Xu, G., Cao, Y., Kwok, B., Lay, W., Liu, Y. and Zhou, Y., 2016. Simultaneous nitrification, denitrification and phosphorus removal (SNDPR) in a full-scale water reclamation plant located in warm climate. Water Science and Technology, 74(2), pp.448-456. https://doi.org/12166/wst.2016.214.
Yu, G., Peng, H., Fu, Y., Yan, X., Du, C. and Chen, H., 2019. Enhanced nitrogen removal of low C/N wastewater in constructed wetlands with co-immobilizing solid carbon source and denitrifying bacteria. Bioresource Technology, 280, pp.337-344. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2019.02.043.
Zhan, X., Yang, Y., Chen, F., Wu, S. and Zhu, R., 2020. Treatment of secondary effluent by a novel tidal-integrated vertical flow constructed wetland using raw sewage as a carbon source: Contribution of partial denitrification-anammox. Chemical Engineering Journal, 395, p.125165. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2020.125165.
Zhang, M., Wang, S., Ji, B. and Liu, Y., 2019. Towards mainstream deammonification of municipal wastewater: Partial nitrification-anammox versus partial denitrification-anammox. Science of the Total Environment, 692, pp.393-401. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.07.293.
Zhao, J., Wang, X., Li, X., Jia, S. and Peng, Y., 2018. Advanced nutrient removal from ammonia and domestic wastewaters by a novel process based on simultaneous partial nitrification-anammox and modified denitrifying phosphorus removal. Chemical Engineering Journal, 354, pp.589-598. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2018.07.211.
Eslamian, S. & Maleki, M. (2026). Modern Filtration Technologies for Nutrient Removal from Domestic Wastewaters: A Review. Irrigation Sciences and Engineering, 48(4), 133–144. https://doi.org/10.22055/jise.2025.49471.2163
MLA
Eslamian, S., & Maleki, M. "Modern Filtration Technologies for Nutrient Removal from Domestic Wastewaters: A Review", Irrigation Sciences and Engineering, 48, 4, 2026, 133–144. doi: 10.22055/jise.2025.49471.2163
HARVARD
Eslamian, S., & Maleki, M. (2026). 'Modern Filtration Technologies for Nutrient Removal from Domestic Wastewaters: A Review', Irrigation Sciences and Engineering, 48(4), pp. 133–144. doi: 10.22055/jise.2025.49471.2163
CHICAGO
Eslamian, S. & Maleki, M., "Modern Filtration Technologies for Nutrient Removal from Domestic Wastewaters: A Review." Irrigation Sciences and Engineering, 48 4 (2026): 133–144, doi: 10.22055/jise.2025.49471.2163
VANCOUVER
Eslamian S., Maleki M. Modern Filtration Technologies for Nutrient Removal from Domestic Wastewaters: A Review. JISE. 2026;48(4):133–144 (In Persian). doi: 10.22055/jise.2025.49471.2163
