Boundary Shear Stress Analysis in Semi-Parabolic Channels

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Faculty of water Sciences Engineering, Shahid chamran University

2 Associated Professor, Faculty of Water Sciences Engineering, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Iran

Abstract

Due to problems with on-site irrigation channels, such as occupying a high level of the land, a lack of suitable loan materials, and the possibility of dealing with multiple complications, the use of prefabricated channels is one of the most competitive options available for the  existing channels. From the theoretical point of view, the most effective hydraulic cross-section for the coated channels in which smooth water flows is the semicircular section. Nevertheless, in terms of implementation, the use of the semicircular cross-section is generally limited to the reinforced concrete channel. One of the important issues in outdoor hydraulic engineering is having sufficient knowledge about the amount of hydraulic resistance against the flow. The estimation of hydraulic resistance of the flow in open channels has always faced a serious challenge because of the presence of secondary currents and the vortex viscosity. The determination of the contribution of flow pipes in the bed and wall is faced with errors due to the effects of the walls on the maximum velocity position. Accurate prediction of boundary shear stress distributions in the open-channel flow is crucial in many engineering problems, such as channel design, the balance of energy, and sedimentation. Determining the exact bed and wall shear stress is important from a theoretic and applied point of view, for example, its role in scour and sedimentation studies and designing shield conservations.

Keywords


1-    Arman, A., Fathi-Moghadam, M. 2013. 'Study of Shear Stress Distribution in a Compound Rectangular Section', Irrigation Sciences and Engineering, 36(3), pp. 55-66.(in Persian).
 
2-    Chiu, C.L. and Chiou, J.D., 1986. Structure of 3-D flow in rectangular open channels. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 112(11), pp.1050-1067.
 
3-    Cruff, R.W., 1965. Cross-channel transfer of linear momentum in smooth rectangular channels (No. 1592-B). USGPO,.
 
4-    Jael, A., Fathi-Moghadam, M., Bina, M., Ghomeshi, M., Lashkarara, B. 2009. 'Shear stress in smooth trapezoidal channel', Irrigation Sciences and Engineering, 33(1), pp. 77-91. (in Persian).
 
5-    Lashkarara, B., Fathi-Moghadam, M., Mohammad Vali Samani, H. 2010. 'Wall and bed shear stress in smooth rectangular channels', Irrigation Sciences and Engineering, 33(2), pp. 43-52. (in Persian).
 
6-    Lashkar-Ara, B., Fathi-Moghadam, M. 2014. 'Analysis of Shear Stress in Rectangular Open Channels Using Force Balance Method', Journal of Hydraulics, 9(3), pp. 33-44. (in Persian).
 
7-    Fathi-Moghadam, M., LashkarAra, B., Jael, A. 2016. 'Laboratory Determination of Average Shear Stress in Smooth Rectangular and Trapezoidal Open Channels by Direct Method', Irrigation Sciences and Engineering, 39(4), pp. 35-46.
 
8-    Mahmodian SHoshtari M., 2006. Principal of open channel flow Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz Publications. (in Persian).
 
9-    Fathi-Moghadam, M., 1998. Momentum absorption in non-rigid, non-submerged, tall vegetation along rivers., Ph.D. thesis university of Waterloo, Canada.
 
10- Ghosh, S.N. and Roy, N., 1970. Boundary shear distribution in open channel flow. Journal of the Hydraulics Division. 96(4): 967–994.
 
11- Guo, J. and Julien, P.Y., 2005. Shear stress in smooth rectangular open-channel flows. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 131(1), pp.30-37.
 
12- Kartha, V.C. and Leutheusser, H.J., 1970. Distribution of tractive force in open channels. Journal of the Hydraulics Division.96(7):1469-1483.
 
13- Keulegan, G.H., 1938. Laws of turbulent flow in open channels (Vol. 21, pp. 707-741). US: National Bureau of Standards.
 
14- Khodashenas, S.R., Abderrezzak, K.E.K. and Paquier, A., 2008. Boundary shear stress in open channel flow: A comparison among six methods. Journal of Hydraulic Research, 46(5), pp.598-609.
 
15- Knight, D.W., 1981. Boundary shear in smooth and rough channels. Journal of the Hydraulics Division, 107(7), pp.839-851.
 
16- Knight, D.W., Demetriou, J.D. and Hamed, M.E., 1984. Boundary shear in smooth rectangular channels. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 110(4), pp.405-422.
 
17- Lane, E.W. and Carlson, E.J., 1953, September. Some factors affecting the stability of canals constructed in coarse granular materials. In Proceedings: Minnesota International Hydraulic Convention (pp. 37-48). ASCE.
 
18- Lashkar-Ara, B., Fathi-Moghadam, M., Shafai-Bajestan, M. and Jael, A., 2010. Boundary shear stresses in smooth channels. Journal of Food, Agriculture and  Enviroment, 8, pp.132-136.
 
19- Leighly, J.B., 1932. Toward a theory of the morphologic significance of turbulence in the flow of water in streams (Vol. 6, No. 1-9). University of California Press.
20- Myers, W.R.C., 1978. Momentum transfer in a compound channel. Journal of Hydraulic Research, 16(2), pp.139-150.
 
21-  Naot, D. and Rodi, W., 1982. Calculation of secondary currents in channel flow. Journal of the Hydraulics Division, 108(8), pp.948-968.
 
22- Noutsopoulos, G.C. and Hadjipanos, P.A., 1982. Boundary shear in smooth and rough channels-discussion. Journal. Hydraul. Division., Am. Soc. Civ. Eng., 108(6), 809–812.
 
23- Patel, V.C., 1965. Calibration of the Preston tube and limitations on its use in pressure gradients. Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 23(1), pp.185-208.
 
24- Preston, J., 1954. The determination of turbulent skin friction by means of Pitot tubes. The Aeronautical Journal, 58(518), pp.109-121.
 
25- Seckin, G., Seckin, N. and Yurtal, R., 2006. Boundary shear stress analysis in smooth rectangular channels. Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering, 33(3), pp.336-342.
Volume 42, Issue 3
October 2019
Pages 17-30
  • Receive Date: 17 March 2017
  • Revise Date: 10 September 2017
  • Accept Date: 13 September 2017
  • Publish Date: 23 September 2019