Effect of Saline Water on Seed Germination Indices of Salvia Hispanica L., Cyamopsis Tetragonoloba L., Luffa Cylindrical L., and Momordica Charantia L. (Chia, Guar, Luffa, and Karela)

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Master Student of Irrigation and Drainage, Faculty of Water and Environmental Engineering, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Iran.

2 Assistance Professor, Department of Irrigation and Drainage, Faculty of Water and Environmental Engineering, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Iran.(

3 Professor, Department of Irrigation and Drainage, Faculty of Water and Environmental Engineering, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Iran.

Abstract

The salinity of water and soil resources and lack of appropriate quality water resources are major threats to agricultural development in arid and semiarid regions such as Iran, Khouzestan province. The implementation of haloculture projects causes the availability of saline water resources in these areas. Therefore, the study on the effects of salinity on seed generation was the essential aim of current research. In this study, because of the importance of nutrition, medical and industrial of Chia (Salvia hispanica L.), Guar (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba L.), Luffa (Luffa cylindrical L.), and Karela (Momordica charantia L.), the effect of saline water on seed germination indices were evaluated. The seed germination indices consisted of germination percentage (Gp%), the coefficient of the velocity of germination (Gi), seed vigor index (Vi), germination uniformity (GU), salinity tolerance index (STI), dry weight, fresh weight, and the percentage of moisture of the radical and plumule were determined under salinity stress. To achieve the aims of the current study, four salinity levels were used, including Karoon River water (as a control treatment) with an average electrical conductivity of 1.21 dS /m and diluted drain water with an electrical conductivity of 5, 10, 15, 20 dS/m (S1, S2, S3, S4, S5, respectively) in three replications (R1, R2, and R3). The experimental design was completely random. The analysis of variance of measured indices in the experiment showed that the effects of salinity on germination percentage of Guar and Luffa at 1% and Karela and Chia at 5% level of probability were significantly affected by salinity stress. The effect of salinity on the velocity of germination of the studied species was significant. Also, the salinity effect on the seed vigor index of Guar and Chia was significant at the 1% level. Increasing salinity significantly decreased the seed vigor index in the mentioned species. According to the results of this study, among four seeds, Chia and Guar were identified as the most tolerant plant to salinity stress in the seedling stage.

Keywords

Main Subjects

References

  • Alenbrant, R., T. Benetoli da Silva, A. Soares de Vasconcelos, W. Mourão, e J. Corte. 2014. O cultivo da Chia no Brasil: Futuro e perspectivas. Journal of Agronomic Sciences, Umuarama 3:161-179.

 

  • Ashraf, M.Y., Akhtar, K., Sarwar, G. and Ashraf, M., 2002. Evaluation of arid and semi-arid ecotypes of guar (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba L.) for salinity (NaCl) tolerance. Journal of arid environments, 52(4), pp.473-482.

 

  • Baalbaki, R., 1990. Trdb and Bind', from linguistic reality to grammatical theory'. Kees Versteegh and Michael Carter (1990), pp.17-33.

 

  • Bajji, M., Kinet, J.M. and Lutts, S., 2002. Osmotic and ionic effects of NaCl on germination, early seedling growth, and ion content of Atriplex halimus (Chenopodiaceae). Canadian journal of botany, 80(3), pp.297-304.

 

  • Burrieza, H.P., Koyro, H.W., Tosar, L.M., Kobayashi, K. and Maldonado, S., 2012. High salinity induces dehydrin accumulation in Chenopodium quinoa Willd. cv. Hualhuas embryos. Plant and Soil, 354(1-2), pp.69-79.

 

  • Busilacchi, H., Bueno, M., Severin, C., Di Sapio, O., Quiroga, M. and Flores, V., 2013. Evaluación de Salvia hispanica L. cultivada en el sur de Santa Fe (República Argentina). Cultivos tropicales, 34(4), pp.55-59.

 

  • Bybordi, A. and Tabatabaei, J., 2009. Effect of Salinity Stress on Germination and Seedling Properties in Canola Cultivars (Brassica napus L.). Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca, 37(2).

 

  • Cahill, J.P. 2004. Genetic diversity among varieties of chia (Salvia hispanica L.) Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution 51:773-778.

 

  • Chandra, U., 1995. Distribution, domestication and genetic diversity of Luffa gourd in Indian subcontinent. Indian Journal of Plant Genetic Resources, 8(2), pp.189-196.

 

  • Chen, Z., Newman, I., Zhou, M., Mendham, N., Zhang, G. and Shabala, S., 2005. Screening plants for salt tolerance by measuring K+ flux: a case study for barley. Plant, Cell & Environment, 28(10), pp.1230-1246.

 

  • Falk, J. and Munné-Bosch, S., 2010. Tocochromanol functions in plants: antioxidation and beyond. Journal of experimental botany, 61(6), pp.1549-1566.

 

  • Finch‐Savage, W.E. and Leubner‐Metzger, G., 2006. Seed dormancy and the control of germination. New phytologist, 171(3), pp.501-523.

 

  • Flowers, T.J. and Colmer, T.D., 2008. Salinity tolerance in halophytes. New Phytologist, pp.945-963.

 

  • Flowers, T.J., Galal, H.K. and Bromham, L., 2010. Evolution of halophytes: multiple origins of salt tolerance in land plants. Functional Plant Biology, 37(7), pp.604-612.

 

  • Francois, L.E., Donovan, T.J. and Maas, E.V., 1990. Salinity effects on emergence, vegetative growth, and seed yield of guar. Agronomy journal, 82(3), pp.587-592.

 

  • Glenn, E.P., Brown, J.J. and Blumwald, E., 1999. Salt tolerance and crop potential of halophytes. Critical reviews in plant sciences, 18(2), pp.227-255.

 

  • Grover, J.K. and Yadav, S.P., 2004. Pharmacological actions and potential uses of Momordica charantia: a review. Journal of ethnopharmacology, 93(1), pp.123-132.

 

  • Hasegawa, P.M., Bressan, R.A., Zhu, J.K. and Bohnert, H.J., 2000. Plant cellular and molecular responses to high salinity. Annual review of plant biology, 51(1), pp.463-499.

 

  • Jamboonsri, W., Phillips, T.D., Geneve, R.L., Cahill, J.P. and Hildebrand, D.F., 2012. Extending the range of an ancient crop, Salvia hispanica L.—a new ω3 source. Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution, 59(2), pp.171-178.

 

  • Jamil, M., M. Qasim, and M. Umer (2006). Utilization of sewage sludge as organic fertilizer in sustainable agriculture. J. App. Sci. 6(3):531-535

 

  • Jeschke, W.D., 1984. K+-Na+ exchange at cellular membranes, intracellular compartmentation of cations, and salt tolerance. Salinity tolerance in plants strategies for crop improvement, pp.37-66.

 

  • Kaya, M.D., Ipek, A. and ÖZTÜRK, A., 2003. Effects of different soil salinity levels on germination and seedling growth of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.). Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry, 27(4), pp.221-227.

 

  • Khoorsandi, F., Vaziri, J., Azizi zahan, A.A., 2010. Haloculture, Sustainable Use of Saline Soil and Water Resources in Agriculture. Iranian National Committee on Irrigation and Drainage (IRNCID).

 

  • Li, J.T., Qiu, Z.B., Zhang, X.W. and Wang, L.S., 2011. Exogenous hydrogen peroxide can enhance tolerance of wheat seedlings to salt stress. Acta Physiologiae Plantarum, 33(3), pp.835-842.

 

  • Liu, X., Li, S., Feng, C. and Yan, D., 2002. Advances in the study of Momordica charantia L. Zhong yao cai= Zhongyaocai= Journal of Chinese medicinal materials, 25(3), pp.211-213.

 

  • Munns, R., & Tester, M. (2008). Mechanisms of salinity tolerance. Annual Review of Plant Biology, 59(4), 651– 681. doi: 10.1146/annurev.arplant.59.032607.092911.

 

  • Munns, R., 2002. Comparative physiology of salt and water stress. Plant, cell & environment, 25(2), pp.239-250.

 

  • Muscolo A, Sidari M, Santonoceto C, Anastasi U, Preiti G. 2007. Response of four genotypes of lentil to salt stress conditions.Seed Science and Technology 35:497–503.

 

  • Muscolo, A., Panuccio, M.R. and Eshel, A., 2013. Ecophysiology of Pennisetum clandestinum: a valuable salt tolerant grass. Environmental and Experimental Botany, 92, pp.55-63.

 

  • Muscolo, A., Sidari, M., Panuccio, M.R., Santonoceto, C., Orsini, F. and De Pascale, S., 2011. Plant responses in saline and arid environments: an overview. Proceedings of the European COST action FA0901. The European Journal of Plant Science and Biotechnology, 5, pp.1-11.

 

  • Omielan, J.A., Epstein, E. and Dvořák, J., 1991. Salt tolerance and ionic relations of wheat as affected by individual chromosomes of salt-tolerant Lophopyrum elongatum. Genome, 34(6), pp.961-974.

 

  • Orozco de Rosas, G., Durán Puga, N., González Eguiarte, D.R., Zarazúa Villaseñor, P., Ramírez Ojeda, G. and Mena Munguía, S., 2014. Proyecciones de cambio climático y potencial productivo para Salvia hispanica L. en las zonas agrícolas de México. Revista mexicana de ciencias agrícolas, 5(SPE10), pp.1831-1842.

 

 

  • Prakash, K. Pati, K. Lalit, A. Pandey, Verma, M. 2014. Population structure and diversity in cultivated and wild Luffa Species. Biochemical Systematics and Ecology 56:165-170.http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bse.2014.05.012.

 

  • Rosas, S.B., Palacios, S. and Correa, N.S., 1996. Growth and nodulation of Cyamopsis tetragonoloba L.(guar) under conditions of salinity. Phyton.

 

  • Ruiz-Carrasco, K., Antognoni, F., Coulibaly, A.K., Lizardi, S., Covarrubias, A., Martínez, E.A., Molina-Montenegro, M.A., Biondi, S. and Zurita-Silva, A., 2011. Variation in salinity tolerance of four lowland genotypes of quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) as assessed by growth, physiological traits, and sodium transporter gene expression. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, 49(11), pp.1333-1341.

 

  • Sapra, V.T., Savage, E., Anaele, A.O. and Beyl, C.A., 1991. Varietal differences of wheat and triticale to water stress. Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science, 167(1), pp.23-28.

 

  • Schleiff, U. and Muscolo, A., 2011. Fresh look at plant salt tolerance as affected by dynamics at the soil/root-interface using Leek and Rape as model crops. The European Journal of Plant Science and Biotechnology, 5, pp.27-32.

 

  • Sevengor, S., Yasar, F., Kusvuran, S. and Ellialtioglu, S., 2011. The effect of salt stress on growth, chlorophyll content, lipid peroxidation and antioxidative enzymes of pumpkin seedling. African Journal of Agricultural Research, 6(21), pp.4920-4924.
  • Shahid, M.A., Pervez, M.A., Balal, R.M., Mattson, N.S., Rashid, A., Ahmad, R., Ayyub, C.M. and Abbas, T., 2011. Brassinosteroid (24-epibrassinolide) enhances growth and alleviates the deleterious effects induced by salt stress in pea ('Pisum sativum'L.). Australian Journal of Crop Science, 5(5), pp.500-510.

 

  • Shannon, M.C. and Noble, C.L., 1990. Genetic approaches for developing economic salt tolerant crops. Agricultural salinity assessment and management, 71, pp.161-184.

 

  • Sidari, M., Santonoceto, C., Anastasi, U., Preiti, G. and Muscolo, A., 2008. Variations in four genotypes of lentil under NaCl-salinity stress. American Journal of Agriculture and Biological Science, 3, pp.410-416.

 

  • Soltani, A., S. Galeshi, E. Zenali and N. Latifi., 2001. Germination seed reserve utilization and growth of chicpea as affected by salinity and seed size. Seed Sci. and Technol. 30:51-60.

 

  • Stepien, P. and Johnson, G.N., 2009. Contrasting responses of photosynthesis to salt stress in the glycophyte Arabidopsis and the halophyte Thellungiella: role of the plastid terminal oxidase as an alternative electron sink. Plant physiology, 149(2), pp.1154-1165.

 

  • Taiz, L., & Zeiger, E. 2013. Fisiologia vegetal. 6. ed. Porto Alegre, RS: ARTMED.

 

  • Turhan, H. and Ayaz, C., 2004. Effect of salinity on seedling emergence and growth of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) cultivars. International Journal of Agriculture and Biology, 6(1), pp.149-152.

 

  • Vinizky, I. and Ray, D.T., 1988. Germination of guar seed under salt and temperature stress. Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science, 113(3), pp.437-440.

 

  • Wang, X., Ou-yang, C., Fan, Z.R., Gao, S., Chen, F. and Tang, L., 2010. Effects of exogenous silicon on seed germination and antioxidant enzyme activities of Momordica charantia under salt stress. Journal of Animal and Plant Science, 6, pp.700-708.

 

  • Wu, H., Liu, X., You, L., Zhang, L., Zhou, D., Feng, J., Zhao, J. and Yu, J., 2012. Effects of salinity on metabolic profiles, gene expressions, and antioxidant enzymes in halophyte Suaeda salsa. Journal of plant growth regulation, 31(3), pp.332-341.

 

  • Yadav, S., Irfan, M., Ahmad, A. and Hayat, S., 2011. Causes of salinity and plant manifestations to salt stress: a review. Journal of Environmental Biology, 32(5), p.667.

 

  • Yeo, A.R. and Flowers, T.J., 1986. Salinity resistance in rice (Oryza sativa L.) and a pyramiding approach to breeding varieties for saline soils. Functional Plant Biology, 13(1), pp.161-173.

 

  • Yibchok-Anun, S., Adisakwattana, S., Yao, C.Y., Sangvanich, P., Roengsumran, S. and Hsu, W.H., 2006. Slow acting protein extract from fruit pulp of Momordica charantia with insulin secretagogue and insulinomimetic activities. Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin, 29(6), pp.1126-1131.

 

  • Zhang, H., Zhang, G., Lü, X., Zhou, D. and Han, X., 2015. Salt tolerance during seed germination and early seedling stages of 12 halophytes. Plant and Soil, 388(1-2), pp.229-241.

 

  • Zhu JK. 2007. Plant salt stress. In: O’Daly A, ed. Encyclopedia of life sciences. Chichester: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 1–3.
Irrigation Sciences and Engineering
Volume 44, Issue 2
September 2021
Pages 93-112

Files

History

  • Receive Date: 04 January 2021
  • Revise Date: 25 May 2021
  • Accept Date: 31 May 2021
  • Publish Date: 22 June 2021

Share

How to cite

Statistics