Irrigation Sciences and Engineering

Irrigation Sciences and Engineering

The effect of a submerged jet on the characteristics of an asymmetric hydraulic jump in a corrugated bed

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors
Fathollah Davari Dehkordi 1
Javad Ahadiyan 2
Seyed Mohsen Sajadi 3
Anna Rita Scorzini 4
Mario Di Bacco 4
1 1- Ph.D. in Hydraulic Structures of Water Sciences, Water and Environmental Engineering, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran.
2 Professor, Hydraulic Structures Department, Faculty of Water and Environmental Engineering, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
3 Department of Hydraulics Structures, Faculty of Water and Environmental Engineering, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
4 Department of Civil, Environmental and Architectural Engineering, University of L’Aquila, L’Aquila, Italy
10.22055/jise.2023.44341.2085
Abstract
Stilling basins are energy-dissipating structures that consistently convert flow from a supercritical to a subcritical state. Negative pressure fluctuations cause significant damage in the basin area. Submerged jet injection nearly eliminates the negative pressure effects in supercritical flow, reducing turbulence and flow velocity downstream. This research aimed to investigate the combined effect of a multiple submerged jet system and continuous corrugated roughness on controlling hydraulic jumps in sudden expansion sections. For this purpose, experiments were conducted in a laboratory flume using three combinations of continuous corrugated beds and submerged jet injection systems. The results showed that the hydraulic jump, with three submerged jet discharge rates and within the inlet Froude number range of 6 to 11, reduced fluctuation intensity and water surface variation in the post-expansion section. It also increased energy dissipation. The energy dissipation rate for horizontal submerged jets was, on average, approximately 20 to 25 percent higher than that of classical and discrete jumps. Correspondingly, at a Froude number of 6, the jump length, roller length, and conjugate depths decreased by 50%, 44%, and 63%, respectively, indicating the positive impact of this system on flow stability.
Keywords
Hydraulic jump
Asymmetric jump
Energy dissipation
Hydraulic jump length and Corrugated bed
Subjects
  • Aal, G.M.A., Sobeah, M., Helal, E. and El-Fooly, M., 2018. Improving energy dissipation on stepped spillways using breakers. Ain Shams Engineering Journal, 9(4), pp.1887-1896. Doi: 10.1016/j.asej.2017.01.008

 

  • Abbaspour, A., Dalir, A.H., Farsadizadeh, D., Sadraddini, A.A., 2009. Effect of sinusoidal corrugated bed on hydraulic jump characteristics. Journal of Hydro-Environment Research, 3(2), pp.109-117. 1016/j.jher.2009.05.003.

 

  • Ahadian, J., Varshosaz, A. 2018. 'Effect of the Floating Sphere Objects Flexible Bearing Length on the Characteristic of the Hydraulic Jump', Journal of Water and Soil Conservation, 25(1), pp. 297-308. doi: 10.22069/jwsc.2018.12965.2762. (In Persian).

 

  • Ahadiyan, J., Abbasi Chenari, S., Azizi Nadian, H., Katopodis, C., Valipour, M., Sajjadi, S. M., & Omidvarinia, M. 2024a. Sustainable systems engineering by CFD modeling of lateral intake flow with flexible gate operations to improve efficient water supply. International Journal of Sediment Research, 39(4), 629-642. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijsrc.2024.05.003.

 

  • Ahadiyan, J., Hakami, M., Shafaei Bajestan, M., Sajadi, S. M. 2024b. 'Laboratory investigation of the Effect of a Submerged Jet in a Wavy Bed with a Gradually Diverging Cross-section on the Characteristics of Asymmetric Hydraulic Jump', Modares Civil Engineering Journal, 24(1), pp. 151-160. doi: 10.22034/24.1.151. (In Persian).

 

  • Alhamid, A.A., 2004. S-jump characteristics on sloping basins. Journal of Hydraulic Research, 42(6), pp.657-662. Doi: 10.1080/00221686.2004.9628319.

 

  • Badizadegan, R., Esmaili, K., Faghfour Maghrebi, M., Saneie, M. 2011. 'Hydraulic Jump Properties in Irrigation Canals with Corrugated Bed', Water and Soil, 25(3), pp. 676-687. doi: 10.22067/jsw.v0i0.9702. (In Persian).

 

  • Badizadegan, R., Saneie, M. and Esmaili, K., 2014. Comparison‌ Of Hydraulic Jump Characteristics On Different Types of Corrugated Beds. Iranian Journal of Irrigation & Drainage, 8(2), pp.220-232. (In Persian).

 

  • Bahrami, H., Ghomeshi, M., Kashefi Por, S.M., Salehi Neyshabouri, S.A.A., 2017. Investigation of the characteristics of the density current because of regime changes. Journal of Marine Science and Technology, 16(1), pp.112-121. Doi: 10.22113/jmst.2017.7773.1390. (In Persian).

 

  • Carollo, F.G., Ferro, V. and Pampalone, V., 2007. Hydraulic jumps on rough beds. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 133(9), pp.989-999. Doi: 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(2007)133:9(989).

 

  • Chanson, H. 2015 Energy Dissipation in Hydraulic Structures. Taylor & Francis, London, UK.

 

  • Chen, J.G., Zhang, J.M., Xu, W.L. and Peng, Y., 2014. Characteristics of the velocity distribution in a hydraulic jump stilling basin with five parallel offset jets in a twin-layer configuration. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 140(2), pp.208-217. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)HY.1943-7900.0000817.

 

  • Chow, V.T., 1959. Open-channel hydraulics, McGraw-Hill Book Company, 1959. ISBN 07-010776-9.

 

  • Daneshfaraz, R., Norouzi, R., Ebadzadeh, P., Di Francesco, S., Abraham, J.P., 2023. Experimental study of the geometric shape and size of sill effects on the hydraulic performance of sluice gates. Water, 15(2), p.314. https://doi.org/10.3390/w15020314.

 

  • Dastourani, M., Esmaili, K. and Khodashenas, S.R., 2016. The impact of water jet angle on the characteristics of hydraulic jump. Journal of Water and Soil Conservation, 23(3), pp.225-239. https://doi.org/10.22069/JWFST.2016.3195. (In Persian).

 

  • Deng, J., Xu, W.L., Zhang, J. M., Qu, J., Y.Q. Yang, 2008. A new type of plunge pool―Multi horizontal submerged jets. Science in China Series (E: Technological Sciences), 51(12): 2128-2141.

 

 

  • Hager, W. H. and Bremen, R. 1989. Classical Hydraulic Jump: Sequent Depths Ratio. Journal of Hydraulic Research IAHR, Vol. 27, No. 5, PP. 566-585. Doi: 10.1080/00221688909499111.

 

  • HagerH., Bermen R., Kawagoshi N. 1990. Classic Hydraulic Jump: Length of Roller. Journal of Hydraulic Research, Pages 591-608. Doi: 10.1080/00221689009499048.

 

  • Hager, W. H. and Bremen, R. T-jump in abruptly expanding channel, Journal of Hydraulic Research, 31:1, 61-78. Doi: 10.1080/00221689309498860.

 

  • Haghdoost, M.R., Sajjadi, S.M., Fathi-Moghadam, M., Ahadiyan, J. 2022. Experimental study of spatial hydraulic jump stabilization using lateral jet flow. Water Supply1 November 2022; 22 (11): 8337–8352. doi: https://doi.org/10.2166/ws.2022.376.

 

  • Hajialigol, S.; Ahadiyan, J.; Sajjadi, M.; Scorzini, A.R.; Di Bacco, M.; Shafai Bejestan, M. 2021. Cross-beams dissipators in abruptly expanding channels: Experimental analysis of the flow patterns. Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering, 147, 06021012. Do: 10.1061/(ASCE)IR.1943-4774.0001622.

 

  • Hajialigol, S., Ahadiyan, J., Sajjadi, S.M., Hazi, M.A., Chadee, A.A., Nadian, H.A. and Kirby, J.T., 2024. Experimental analysis of turbulence measurements in a new dissipator structural (cross beams) in abruptly expanding channels. Results in Engineering, 21, p.101829.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rineng.2024.101829

 

  • Hajialigol, S., Ahadian, J., Sajadi, S. M., Scorzini, A. R., Shafai Bejestan, M. 2023. 'Laboratory study of crossbeam structural design in control of asymmetric S-type jump of sudden expansion sections', Journal of Hydraulics, 18(1), pp. 19-36. doi: 10.30482/jhyd.2022.333263.1595. (In Persian).

 

  • Hassanpour, N., Hosseinzadeh Dalir, A., Farsadizadeh, D., Gualtieri, C. 2017. An experimental study of hydraulic jump in a gradually expanding rectangular stilling basin with roughened bed. Water, 9, 945. Doi: 10.3390/w9120945.

 

  • Hassanpour, N.; Hosseinzadeh Dalir, A.; Bayon, A.; Abdollahpour, M. 2020. Pressure Fluctuations in the Spatial Hydraulic Jump in Stilling Basins with Different Expansion Ratios. Water, 13, 60. Doi: 10.3390/w13010060.

 

  • Helal, E., Abdelhaleem, F. S., Elshenawy, W. A. (2020). Numerical Assessment of the Performance of Bed Water Jets in Submerged Hydraulic Jumps. Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering, 146, 04020014. Doi: 10.1061/(ASCE)IR.1943-4774.000147.

 

  • Herbrand, K. 1973. The Spatial Hydraulic Jump. Journal of Hydraulic Research. Pages 205-2018. Doi: 10.1080/00221687309499774.

 

  • Izadjoo, Shafai Bajestan M., Bina M. 2005. Hydraulic Jump Characteristics on a Trapezoidal Corrugated Bed. The Scientific Journal of Agriculture (SJA). Page(s) 107-122. Doi: 10.3923/jas.2007.1164.1169.

 

  • Izadjoo, Shafai Bajestan M. 2007. Corrugated Bed Hydraulic Jump Stilling Basin. Journal of Applied Sciences. volume 7, issue 8, pp. 1164-1169.

 

  • Kazemianzadeh, Shafai Bajestan M. 2008. Experimental study of the effect of roughness arrangement on hydraulic jump characteristics in a stilling basin, 3rd Iran Water Resources Management Conference, Tabriz University, Iran.

 

  • Mahjoubi, A., Ahadiyan, J., Sajjadi, S. M., Kashefipour, S. M. 2024. 'Asymmetric hydraulic jump control in sudden expansion channels using a Jet system', Iranian Journal of Soil and Water Research, 55(10), pp. 1903-1920. doi: 10.22059/ijswr.2024.377718.669725. (In Persian).

 

  • Khedri-Mirghaed, P., Ahadiyan, J., Varshosaz, A. 2018. 'Effect of Suspended Anchored Spherical Energy Dissipator Blocks on Hydraulic Jump Characteristics', Modares Civil Engineering journal, 18(5), pp. 61-70. https://mcej.modares.ac.ir/article_12133.html?lang=en. (In Persian).

 

  • Matin, M. A., Alhamid, A., Negm, A. M. 1998. Prediction of Sequent Depth Ratio of Hydraulic Jump in Abruptly Expanding Channel, Proceedings of International Conference on Hydro-Science and Engineering, Hydro-Science and Engineering ICHE98, Advances in Hydro-Science and Engineering, 14 pages.

 

  • MatinA., Negm A.M. El-Said A.A, and Alhamid A.A. 2016. Prediction of Sequent Depth Ratio of Free Hydraulic Jump in Abruptly enlarged Channels. Egyptian Journal for Engineering Sciences & Technology. Pages 31-36.

 

  • Mohamed Ali, H.S., 1991. Effect of roughened-bed stilling basin on length of rectangular hydraulic jump. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 117(1), pp.83-93. Doi: 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(1991)117:1(83).

 

  • Sajjadi, S. M., Esmaeilzadeh Feridani, F., Ahadiyan, J. 2025. 'Numerical study of energy loss and S-type hydraulic jump length using cross beams as roughness in sudden expansion', Advanced Technologies in Water Efficiency, 5(1), pp. 78-97. doi: 10.22126/atwe.2025.11522.1148.

 

  • Shafai Bejestan M., Neisi K. 2008. 'Effects of Bed Roughness Shape on the Length of Hydraulic Jump', Journal of Hydraulics, 3(3), pp. 29-40. doi: 10.30482/jhyd.2008.85472 (In Persian).

 

  • Shafai Bajestan M., Neisi K. 2009. Effect Shape of Roughness on the Sequent Depth Ratio of Hydraulic Jump. Water and Soil Science Journal. Tabriz University, Iran. Pages 165- 176. (In Persian).

 

  • Sharoonizadeh, S., Ahadiyan, J., Scorzini, A.R., Di Bacco, M., Sajjadi, M. and Moghadam, M.F., 2021. Experimental analysis on the use of counterflow jets as a system for the stabilization of the spatial hydraulic jump. Water, 13(18), p.2572. doi: /10.3390/w13182572.

 

  • Sharoonizadeh, S., Ahadiyan, J., Scorzini, A.R., De Bacco, M., Sajjadi, S. M., Fathi-Moghadam, M. 2022a. Turbulence characteristics of the flow resulting from the hydrodynamic interaction of multiple counter-flow jets in expanding channels. Acta Mech233, 3867–3880 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00707-022-03250-2

 

  • Sharoonizadeh, S., Ahadiyan, J., Fathi Moghadam, M., Sajjadi, M., Di Bacco, M. 2022b. 'Experimental investigation on the characteristics of hydraulic jump in expanding channels with a water jet injection system', Journal of Hydraulic Structures, 7(4), pp. 58-75. doi: 10.22055/jhs.2022.40233.1203.

 

  • Tahmasbipour, M., Azizi Nadian, H., Ahadiyan, J., Oliveto, G., Sajjadi, S. M., & Kiyani, A. M. 2024. Experimental Investigation of T-Jump Stabilization Using Water Jets and Sinusoidal Corrugated Beds. Water, 16(23), 3513. https://doi.org/10.3390/w16233513.

 

Irrigation Sciences and Engineering
Volume 48, Issue 3
Autumn 2025
Pages 21-39

  • Receive Date 19 July 2023
  • Revise Date 11 December 2023
  • Accept Date 13 December 2023
  • Publish Date 05 November 2025