اثر سطوح مختلف آب آبیاری و کود نیتروژن بر خصوصیات کمی و کیفی گوجه‌فرنگی در روش آبیاری قطره‌ای (نواری تیپ)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار پژوهشی بخش تحقیقات فنی و مهندسی کشاورزی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان سمنان (شاهرود)، سازمان تحقیقات آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، شاهرود، ایران.

2 عضو هیات علمی بخش تحقیقات اصلاح و تهیه نهال و بذر مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان سمنان (شاهرود)، سازمان تحقیقات آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، شاهرود، ایران.

3 محقق بخش تحقیقات خاک و آب مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان سمنان (شاهرود) سازمان تحقیقات آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، شاهرود، ایران.

چکیده

به­منظور بررسی اثر مقادیر مختلف آب آبیاری و کود نیتروژن بر خصوصیات کمی و کیفی گوجه‌فرنگی در آبیاری قطره­ای، پژوهشی در اراضی مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی استان سمنان (شاهرود) به مدت دو سال انجام شد. طرح به­صورت فاکتوریل در قالب بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با دو فاکتور  و در چهار تکرار انجام شد. فاکتورها عبارت بودند از : 1- آب آبیاری در چهار سطح (40، 60، 80  و 100 درصد نیاز)  2 -  کود نیتروژن در سه سطح (60 ،80 و 100 درصد نیاز). نیاز آبی گیاه با روش پنمن _ مانتیث محاسبه و با دور آبیاری سه روز به مزرعه داده شد. نتایج نشان داد، اثر جداگانه و اثر متقابل آب و کود نیتروژن بر عملکرد و برخی خصوصیات کیفی میوه از جمله تجمع ازت، بریکس، pH و ویتامین C معنی­دار شد. بیشترین عملکرد (4/89 تن در هکتار) و کارایی مصرف آب (8/15 کیلوگرم برای هر مترمکعب در هکتار) از تیمار آبی 80  و کودی 60 درصد به­دست آمد. متوسط حجم آب مصرفی در تیمارهای 40، 60، 80 و 100 درصد نیاز آبی به­ترتیب برابر 3000، 4500، 5500 و 6500 مترمکعب در هکتار بود. مقدار کود نیتروژن مصرفی در سطوح کودی 60، 80 و 100 درصد به­ترتیب برابر 150، 200 و 250 کیلوگرم در هکتار شد. تیمار آب 80  و کودی 60 درصد به­عنوان تیمار برتر اتتخاب ‌شد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

Effects of Water and N Fertilizer on the Yield and Fruit Quality of Tomatoes under Drip (Tape) Irrigation System

نویسندگان [English]

  • Seyed Hassan Mousavi Fazl 1
  • Seyeed Ziaolhagh 1
  • Ali Reza Mohammadi 2
  • Faramaz Faeznia 3
1 Agricultural Engineering Research Department, Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center of Semnan Province (Shahrood), AREEO, Shahrood, Iran.
2 Seed and Plant Improvement Research Department, Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center of Semnan Province (Shahrood), AREEO, Shahrood, Iran.
3 Soil and Water Research Department, Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center of Semnan Province (Shahrood), AREEO, Shahrood, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Being vulnerable to food shortage, tomatoes are dependent on nitrogen fertilizer  for their growth and crop yields (Zomorrodi, 2006). In effect, there is a close relationship between the amount of nitrogen fertilizer consumed and the accumulation of nitrate, which poses a threat to consumer health (Mousavi Fazl, 2005). The accumulation of nitrate in tomatoes has a considerable negative effect on its quality and increase the amount of toxic substances in tomatoes (Malakuti et al., 2005). The results of many studies show that the appropriate combination of nitrogen fertilizer treatments and the irrigation regime in such a way that the plant encounters a certain level of water stress during a particular period or throughout the growing season may lead to the maximum efficiency of water usage in the plant (Bagheri et al., 2016). Zomorrodi (2006) examined the effect of deficit irrigation on the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of tomatoes. The results showed that the effects of irrigation water on vitamin C, acidity and soluble solids were significant. Khorramian (2015) also studied different levels of drip irrigation with the supply of 40, 70 and 100% water requirement on the yield and water use efficiency in tomatos. The findings of this study showed that maximum yield was obtained from drip irrigation with 100% water level, while 40% water level treatment had the highest water use efficiency.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Irrigation water
  • N fertilizer
  • nitrate
  • tomatoes
  • tomato quality
  • yield
1- Alimohammadi, R., Imani, A. and Rezaee, A., 2003. Effect of plant density and Cultivation Depth On Growth And Yield Of Potato In Mianeh Region. Seed and Plant Improvement Journal, 19(1), pp.58-75. (In Persian).
 
2- Alizadeh, A., 2006. Irrigation system design. Volume 2. Imam Reza University Press. p.368. (In Persian).
 
3- Baghani, J. and Alizadeh, A., 2000. Yield and water use efficiency in trickle and forrow irrigation. Journal of Agricultural Engineering Research, 5(18),pp.1-10. (In Persian).
4- Bagheri, h., Gharineh, M., Gracious, a. Taei, J., Mehnatkesh, A. and Andarsian, B., 2016. Effect of low water stress and different levels of nitrogen fertilizer on yield and potato water use efficiency, Journal of Environmental Tensions in Crop Science, 9(1), pp.1-14. (In Persian)
 
5- Errebhi, M., C.J. Rosen, S.C. Gupta, and D.E. Birong, 1998. Potato yield response and nitrate leaching as influnced by nitrogen management. Agronomy. Journal, 90, pp.10-15.
 
6- Jolaini, M.,  2012. Investigation the effect of different water and plastic mulch levels on yield and water use efficiency of tomato in surface and subsurface drip irrigation method. Journal of Water and Soil (Agricultural Sciences and Technology), 25(5), pp.1025-1032. (In Persian).
 
7- Jolaini, M. and Doosti, F., 2012. Study of nitrate accumulation in potato and tomato products. Environment Science and Engineering Journal, 00(50), pp.62.71.(In Persain).
 
8- Khoorgh, Z., 2000. Effects of optimum use of fertilizer on increasing tomato yield. Agricultural Extension Booklet, Number 65. (In Persian)
 
9- Khorramian, M., 2015. Effect of tape irrigation levels on yield and quality of tomato in north of khouzestan province. Journal of Irrigation Science and Engineering, 38(2), pp.161-170. (In Persian)
 
10- Latif, M., Mousavi S.F., Afyuni M. and Velayati S.A., 2005. Investigation of nitrate pollution and sources in groundwater in mashhad plain. Journal of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, 12(2), pp.21-32. (In Persian).
 
11- Malakuti, M. Baybordi, M. and Tabatabaei, S.J., 2005. Optimum use of fertilizer: An effective step in increasing yield, improving quality and reducing pollutants in vegetable and fruit products and promoting community health. Agricultural Science Publishing, First Edition, p.338. (In Persian)
 
12- Mousavi Fazl, S. H., 2005. Effects of deficit irrigation (water stress) in different stages of growth on yield and quality of two tomato cultivars. Journal of Agricultural Engineering Research, 6(22), pp.27-40. (In Persian)
 
13- Parvaneh, V., 2013. Quality control and chemical tests of food. Tehran University Press. (In Persian)
 
14- Rezaian Bajgiran, S., 2006. Study of nitrate accumulation in vegetable prodicts of Mashhad, Neyshabur and Sabzevar. Agricultural and Natural Resources Research center of Khorasan Razavi Province. Technical Rep. 85/213.
 
15- Sabri,O and I. Adem., 2004. Nitrogen-Water relation of tomato by drip fertigation. In International soil Congress, June 7-10, 2004, Turkey.
 
16- Sadr Ghaeini, S.H., Akbari, M., Afshar, H., Nakhjavani, M.M., 2010. Effect of three methods of micro - irrigation and irrigation levels on yield of tomato. Journal of Water and Soil (Agricultural Sciences and Technology), 24(3), pp.574-582.
 
17- Shakouri, S., Ziaolhagh, H., Sharifi-Rad, J.,  Heydari-Majd, M., Tajali, R., Nezarat, S, and Jaime A. Teixeira da Silva., 2015. The effect of packaging material and storage period on microwave-dried potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) cubes. Journal of Food Science and Technology, 52 (6), pp.3899-3910.
 
18- Shahnazari, A., Liu, F., Andersen, M.N., Jacobsen, S.E. and Jensen. C.R., 2007. Effects of partial root-zone drying on yield, tuber size and water use efficiency in potato under field conditions. Field Crop Research, 100,pp.117- 124.
 
19- Shock, C.C., Shock, B.M. and Welch, T., 2013. Strategies for Efficient Irrigation Water Use. Oregon State University. Sustainable Agriculture Techniques, pp.1-7.
 
20- Veit-Kohler, U., A. Krumbein and H. Kosegarten., 2001. Different water supply influences growth and fruit quality in tomato, In plant nutrition-food security and sustainability of agro-ecosystems. kluwer Academic Publishers. Printed in the Netherlands, pp.308-309.
 
21- Zomorrodi, S. and Nourjo, A., 2006. Effect of deficit irrigation on quantity, quality and storability of tomato. Journal of Agricultural Engineering Research, 27, pp.19-31. (In Persian).