ارزیابی اثر توسعه سیستم‌های آبیاری، سناریوهای الگوی کشت و کم‌آبیاری بر بهره‌وری آب در شبکه آبیاری قزوین به روش پویایی سیستم‌ها

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار گروه علوم و مهندسی آب، دانشگاه بین المللی امام خمینی (ره)

2 استاد گروه مهندسی آبیاری و آبادانی، دانشگاه تهران.

3 دانشیار گروه مهندسی آبیاری و آبادانی، دانشگاه تهران.

چکیده

یکی از بحرانی‌ترین چالش‌های حال حاضر بشر، رفع بحران آب است. در این پژوهش با استفاده از روش پویایی سیستم‌ها و نرم افزار Vensim به مطالعه و ارزیابی­ سناریوهای مختلفی که بر بهره­وری آب اثر خواهد گذاشت، از جمله اثر توسعه سامانه­های آبیاری تحت فشار، الگوی کشت و کم آبیاری پرداخته شد. نتایج نشان داد توسعه آبیاری تحت فشار در سطح شبکه قزوین، موجب افزایش بهره‌وری فیزیکی آب می‌شود و بسته به نوع الگوی کشت و سطح کم‌آبیاری می‌تواند موجب افزایش و یا کاهش بهره‌وری اقتصادی شود. بیشترین و کمترین حجم آب مورد نیاز سالانه شبکه آبیاری در سناریوهای ترکیبی به­ترتیب مربوط به تیمارهای “CPS 3 FI MIDS 15%” و “CPS 8 DI 60% MIDS 45%” به مقدار 11738 و 2761 مترمکعب در هکتار بود. بهره‌وری آب اقتصادی در سطح شبکه در سناریوهای الگوی کشت CPS 8 و CPS 4 در مقایسه با بهره‌وری آب اقتصادی الگوی کشت موجود CPS 1 به­ترتیب 51 و 2/25 درصد افزایش داشته است و بهره‌وری آب فیزیکی در سطح شبکه در سناریوهای الگوی کشت CPS 4، CPS 7 و CPS 8 در مقایسه با بهره‌وری آب فیزیکی الگوی کشت موجود به­ترتیب 4/35، 1/35 و 3/27 درصد افزایش داشته است. از آن­جای­که الگوی کشت بر بهره‌وری اقتصادی و فیزیکی آب در سطح شبکه اثر قابل ملاحظه‌ای دارد، لذا بایستی تمهیداتی بر کنترل الگوی کشت انجام شود. این تمهیدات می‌تواند ترکیبی از رویکردهای آموزشی، ترویجی و یا تنظیم­گری باشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Investigation of Irrigation Systems Development, Cropping Pattern Scenarios, and Deficit Irrigation on Water Productivity in Qazvin Irrigation Network by Systems Dynamics

نویسندگان [English]

  • Bijan Nazari 1
  • Abdolmajid Liaghat 2
  • Masoud Parsinejad 3
1 Associate Professor of Water Sciences and Engineering Department, Imam Khomeini International University, Qazvin, Iran
2 Professor of Irrigation and Reclamation Engineering Department, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran.
3 Associate Professor of Irrigation and Reclamation Engineering Department, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran.
چکیده [English]

One of the most critical challenges of the twenty-first century is to resolve water crisis. This crisis is characterized by scarcity of water, the destruction of natural ecosystems, and food shortages. In spite of extensive efforts made to ensure food security, human societies still have trouble feeding their populace. This problem is most likely due to their inability to access healthy and safe water resources (Kijne, 2003). The solution to the water crisis can be expressed as better development and proper management of water resources systems. Various technical and managerial solutions should be taken such as upgrading and improving irrigation systems, introducing new irrigation methods, deficit irrigation, optimizing the cropping pattern, improving the efficiency of irrigation networks, etc. to improve water productivity in agriculture. The system dynamics methodology is a modeling and simulation technique and is specially designed for long-term, chronic, and dynamic management issues (Vlachos et al., 2007). Crop pattern scenarios, crop production, and agricultural pollution in a region in southern Turkey have been studied by Saysel et al. (2002) with a system dynamics approach. Also, the system dynamics approach was applied in the study of integrated water management at the catchment scale by Soltani and Alizadeh (2017). In this study, the systems dynamics approach, which is a suitable method for studying complex water systems, was applied in water productivity investigation in the Qazvin irrigation network.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Water Consumption
  • Modeling
  • Stoke and Flow Diagram
  • Vensim

مراجع

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علوم و مهندسی آبیاری
دوره 44، شماره 4
دی 1400
صفحه 93-108

فایل ها

سابقه مقاله

  • تاریخ دریافت: 25 فروردین 1398
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 25 مهر 1399
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 29 مهر 1399
  • تاریخ انتشار: 01 دی 1400

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