تأثیر برهمکنش شوری، خشکی و چین برداشت بر عملکرد کمی و کیفی و کارایی سورگوم علوفه ای در آبیاری قطره‌ای زیرسطحی(مطالعه موردی: دشت سیستان

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار، عضو هیئت علمی دانشگاه زابل، دانشکده آب و خاک، گروه مهندسی آب

2 استاد، عضو هیات علمی گروه مهندسی آب، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد.

3 دانشیار، عضو هیات علمی گروه زراعت، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد.

چکیده

      بهره‌برداریازمنابعآبوخاکباکیفیتکممی‌تواندبهعنوانیکگزینهمناسببرایتولیددرکشورهایدرحالتوسعهموردنظرقرارگیرد به همین منظور در این تحقیق اثر سطوح مختلف شوری (2، 5 و 8 دسی زیمنس بر متر)، سطوح مختلف آب آبیاری(120، 100، 75 و50 درصد نیاز آبی گیاه) و چین برداشت بر برخی پارامترهای کمی و کیفی گیاه سورگوم علوفه­ای در منطقه سیستان مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. آزمایش در قالب طرح فاکتوریل ‌اسپلیت ‌پلات در زمان با 12 تیمار و سه تکرار در سه مرحله چین برداشت انجام گرفت. نتایج نشان داد با افزایش شوری و کاهش عمق آب آبیاری عملکرد و کارایی علوفه ­تر و خشک کاهش یافت اما از این نظر بین تیمار آبیاری کامل و تیمار 75 درصد نیاز آبی گیاه تفاوت معنی‌دار مشاهده نشد. هم‌چنین بین تیمارهای آب با شوری دو و پنج دسی زیمنس بر متر تفاوت معنی­داری از نظر تولید علوفه مشاهده نشد. نتایج مربوط به اثر چین برداشت نشان داد مقدار عملکرد علوفه ­تر و خشک در چین دوم بهتر از چین اول و سوم بود. با افزایش شوری و کاهش عمق آب آبیاری مقدار غلظت دیواره سلولی عاری از سلولز(ADF) گیاه کاهش و مقدار غلظت دیواره سلولی همی سلولز (NDF) و کل مواد مغذی قابل هضم(TDN) افزایش یافت. بنابراین با توجه به نتایج به‌دست آمده و با توجه به کمبود آب در منطقه می‌توان آبیاری این گیاه را با 75 درصد نیاز آبی گیاه و با شوری پنج دسی زیمنس بر متر انجام داد بدون آن که تأثیر معنی­دار در میزان علوفه تولید شده داشته باشد و از آب ذخیره شده در جای دیگر استفاده نمود.
هم­چنین بهترین برداشت علوفه از نظر کیفیت جهت مصرف دام  برداشت دوم بود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

The Interaction Effect of Salinity, Drought and Harvesting Dates on Yield, Quality and Efficiency of Forage Sorghum in Subsurface Drip Irrigation (Case Study: Sistan Plain)

نویسندگان [English]

  • Halimeh Piri 1
  • Hossain Ansari 2
  • Mehdi Parsa 3
1 Assistant Professor, Department of Water Engineering, Zabol University, Zabol, Iran
2 Professor, Department of Water Engineering, Ferdowsi University, Mashhad, Iran.
3 Associate Professor, Department of Water Engineering, Ferdowsi University, Mashhad, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Forage sorghum is one of the tolerant salinity plants that can provide a good source of forage under irrigated conditions with saline water. Considering the quality of the products, their value is estimated with regard to their quality. Therefore, similar to many crops, the quality of forage plants should be considered. The quality of forage can be a function of forage consumption and its digestibility(Paterson et al., 1994). Forage plants in livestock trapping as a result of livestock production are undeniable in the supply of human needs. Unfortunately, in Iran, less attention is paid to the production and management of forage compared to other crops. As a result, lack of attention to the quantitative and qualitative increase of forage has led to a shortage of meat and dairy products and a decrease in their quality. Therefore, paying attention to the cultivation of forage plants with a scientific method in a country that is faced with the excessive growth of population and the shortage of rich meadows is very important (Noroozi et al., 2015). Sorghum is one of the important forage crops that is widely cultivated as summer forage in most of the dry and semi-arid countries of the world. Forage sorghum is used as green, dry, silage, or even for direct grazing of livestock (Rezvani moghaddam and Nasir mahallati, 2004). In thecurrent research, the effect of drought stress on sorghum was investigated. The results showed that the yield components including the number of seeds per plant and weight of 100 seeds decreased compared to the control (Innes and Black, 2001). Therefore, in this study, the effect of different levels of salinity and irrigation water and harvest on the yield of forage sorghum was investigated in order to use the results for proper planning to increase agricultural production in specific conditions, i.e., salinity and water restriction.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • sorghum
  • cellulose-free
  • cellulose cell wall
  • total digestible nutrients
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دوره 41، شماره 1
اردیبهشت 1397
صفحه 99-114
  • تاریخ دریافت: 20 اردیبهشت 1395
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 24 مهر 1395
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 11 آبان 1395
  • تاریخ انتشار: 01 اردیبهشت 1397