برنامه‌ریزی آبیاری به منظور ارتقاء بهره‌وری مصرف آب در زراعت گندم با استفاده از مدل AquaCrop

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری گروه خاکشناسی، واحد علوم و تحقیقات خوزستان، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، اهواز، ایران؛ دانشجوی دکتری گروه خاکشناسی، واحد اهواز، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، اهواز، ایران.

2 عضو هیات علمی گروه خاکشناسی، واحد علوم و تحقیقات تهران، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران.

3 عضو هیات علمی گروه خاکشناسی، واحد اهواز، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، اهواز، ایران

4 بخش تحقیقات اصلاح و تهیه نهال و بذر، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی خوزستان، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، اهواز، ایران .

5 عضو هیات علمی گروه خاکشناسی، واحد اهواز، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، اهواز، ایران.

چکیده

برنامه‌ریزی آبیاری به‌عنوان یکی از روش‌های مدیریت آب در مزرعه نقش کلیدی در ارتقای بهره‌وری مصرف آب در مناطق خشک و نیمه‌خشک ایفا می‌نماید. آبیاری مازاد و فاصله طولانی بین آبیاری‌ها از نقاط ضعف در برنامه‌ریزی آبیاری رایج در مزارع گندم خوزستان به‌شمار می‌آیند. لذا این تحقیق با هدف برنامه‌ریزی آبیاری به‌منظور افزایش عملکرد گندم و بهره‌وری مصرف آب در دو منطقه از جنوب استان اجرا گردید. در این تحقیق به کمک مدل آکواکراپ، 10 سناریوی برنامه‌ریزی آبیاری از پنج نوبت آبیاری به میزان 400 میلی‌متر تا هفت نوبت به میزان 650 میلی‌متر، برای یک دوره 12 ساله شبیه‌سازی و اثرات هر سناریو بر عملکرد دانه و بهره‌وری آب با یکدیگر مقایسه گردیدند. نتایج نشان داد که بیشترین میانگین عملکرد (4900 کیلوگرم در هکتار) در سال‌های شبیه‌سازی به سناریوهای نه و 10 (هفت نوبت آبیاری با 600 تا 650 میلی‌متر آب مصرفی) تعلق داشته و در مقابل کمترین مقدار (4200 کیلوگرم در هکتار) به سناریوی پنج (با شش نوبت آبیاری و 500 میلی‌متر آب) اختصاص داشت. بالاترین نتایج بهره‌وری مصرف آب نیز متعلق به سناریوهای نه و 10 (16/1 کیلوگرم بر مترمکعب) و پایین‌ترین نتایج (04/1 کیلوگرم بر مترمکعب) در سناریوی پنج حاصل گردید. همچنین شاخص‌های ارزیابی ضریب پیرسون، خطای میانگین مربعات ریشه (نرمال شده) و شاخص سازگاری ویلموت به‌ترتیب برای مقدار آب خاک 82/0، 5 و 90/0 درصد، پوشش سایه‌انداز 98/0، 13 و 99/0، و بیوماس 99/0، 4/11 و 99/0 بودند.  لذا، نتایج ارزیابی نشان از توانایی قابل قبول مدل در شبیه‌سازی متغیرهای اندازه‌گیری‌شده دارد.            

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Irrigation Scheduling to Increase Water Productivity Using AquaCrop Model

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mohiaddin Goosheh 1
  • Ebrahim Pazira 2
  • Ali Gholami 3
  • Bahram Andarzian 4
  • Ebrahim Panahpour 5
1 Department of Soil Science, Khuzestan Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ahvaz, Iran; Department of Soil Science, Ahvaz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ahvaz, Iran.
2 Department of Soil Science, Tehran Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran .
3 Department of Soil Science, Ahvaz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ahvaz, Iran
4 Seed and Plant Improvement Department, Research and Education Center of Agriculture and Natural Resources of Khuzestan, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Ahvaz, Iran.
5 Department of Soil Science, Ahvaz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ahvaz, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Introduction
Khuzestan plain as one of the fertile regions in Iran is suffering from some problems such as soil salinity and water deficit. The most important irrigated crop in Khuzestan is wheat and its average yield in the southern parts of Khuzestan reaches 2 to 3 t ha-1,. Irrigation management and optimal conditions, however, should be provided to reduce both water and salinity stresses in the crop yield in the region. To introduce the best irrigation schedule for wheat in the study area, we applied the AquaCrop model to simulate the irrigation scheduling for the crop. The aims were to (1) calibrate and validate the model, (2) determine the appropriate irrigation scheduling for wheat to improve water productivity and increase grain yield, and (3) also evaluate the performance of the model.    
 
Methodology
     To achieve the aims of the research, the Elhai region was selected in almost the provincial center with the coordinates of 31° 38' N and 48° 37' E. The AquaCrop model was, then, used for simulating grain yield and water productivity. This model required daily climate data, phonological and agronomic data, soil characteristics, irrigation water, and groundwater data to be able to simulate the plant and soil parameters. A field experiment was conducted in the Elhai area for collecting the data as was mentioned above (as model inputs) during the wheat growth season (2014-2015). Two farms with different soil characteristics were selected for this purpose. However, in order to calibrate and validate the model, more data was needed. Therefore, two other field experiments were carried out in the site of Veys. Consequently, one farm was used for calibration and three farms were, in turn, used for the validation of the model. Sampling from soil profile (1.2 m) was carried out in the growing season. Water and ground water samples were, then, taken in each irrigation event. In order to be able to assess the irrigation scheduling scenarios accurately, it was necessary to consider a wide range of events, times and amounts of water in simulating scenarios. In this case, ten scenarios were run for simulating the grain yield and water productivity for a 12-year period (2003-2014) in farm 1 of Elhai (Table 1).

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Arid and semi-arid regions
  • Irrigation
  • Simulation models
  • Water productivity
  • Wheat

مراجع

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علوم و مهندسی آبیاری
دوره 42، شماره 4
دی 1398
صفحه 91-105

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سابقه مقاله

  • تاریخ دریافت: 16 مهر 1396
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 12 بهمن 1396
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 14 بهمن 1396
  • تاریخ انتشار: 01 دی 1398

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