بررسی اثر متغیرهای آب و هوایی بر کشاورزی (مطالعه موردی: عملکرد گندم دیم)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 پژوهشگر، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع دانشجوی دکتری، گروه مهندسی آب، دانشگاه ارومیه، ارومیه، ایران.

2 استاد، گروه مهندسی آب، دانشگاه ارومیه، ارومیه، ایران

3 استاد، گروه مهندسی آب، دانشگاه ارومیه، ارومیه، ایران.

چکیده

پیش­بینی عملکرد گیاهان راهبردی و برنامه­ریزی برای توسعه کشاورزی با شناخت و کمی نمودن میزان اثر متغیرهای مهم آب و هوایی بر تولید محصول در هر منطقه امکان­پذیر است. هدف این پژوهش تدوین مدل مناسب برای پیش­بینی عملکرد گندم ‏دیم به­کمک متغیرهای آب و هوایی در منطقه بیجار واقع در کردستان می­باشد. برای این منظور دوره رشد گندم دیم در منطقه به شش مرحله تقسیم و از متغیرهای آب و هوایی مربوط به پنج مرحله اول برای تعیین ساختار مدل استفاده شد. متغیرها شامل بارش، رطوبت نسبی، حداکثر و حداقل درجه­حرارت، ساعات آفتابی و سرعت باد با دوره آماری 25 ساله (1366 تا 1390) بودند. باتوجهبهتعدادزیادمتغیرهایآب و هوایی، برای شناسایی ‏عامل­هایی که نقش اصلی دارند، از روش تجزیه به مؤلفه اصلی استفادهشد. با استفاده از روش ‏رگرسیون چندمتغیره و عامل­های اصلی شناسایی­شده، مدل تخمین میزان عملکرد گندم دیم تدوین شد. نتایج تحلیل­ها نشان داد با هشت مؤلفه می­توان 85 درصد از واریانس کل 30 متغیر آب و هوایی مربوط به پنج مرحله دوره رشد گندم دیم در منطقه بیجار را توجیه نمود.      هم­چنین تحلیل رگرسیون چندمتغیره نشان داد با این هشت عامل می­توان 6/84 درصد از تغییرات عملکرد گندم را توجیه و مدل­سازی نمود (92/0R=). در میان عامل­ها نیز عامل مربوط به متغیرهای آب و هوایی مرحله رشد زایشی گندم دیم بیشترین نقش را در تولید محصول منطقه بیجار ایفا نمود. درصد خطای مدل در برآورد عملکرد گندم دیم منطقه برای سال­های 1391، 1392 و 1393 به­ترتیب 11، 68/9 و 8/15 درصد به­دست آمد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

The Effect of Climatic Variables on Agriculture (Case Study: Rainfed Wheat Yield)

نویسندگان [English]

  • Homayoun Faghih 1
  • Javad Behmanesh 2
  • Hossein Rezaie 3
1 Researcher, Agriculture and Natural Resources Research and Education Center of Kurdistan, AREEO, Sanandaj, Iran and Ph.D. Student, University of Urmia, Urmia, Iran.
2 Professor, Department of Water Engineering, University of Urmia, Urmia, Iran.
3 Professor, Department of Water Engineering, University of Urmia, Urmia, Iran.
چکیده [English]

The yield of rainfed crops depends on climatic parameters, plant genetic characteristics, soil type and agricultural operations (Hosaini et al., 2007). Among these factors, climatic variables have a stochastic nature. Therefore, it is important to investigate the effect of the mentioned parameters on the variability of the crop plants yield.
The correct identification of the climatic conditions will help farmers to timely sow and supply plant requirement during the growing season (Azizi and Yarahmadi, 2003). Also, predicting the yield of strategic plants (such as wheat) will be possible via identify and quantify the effects of the important climatic variables on crop production in each region (Bazgeer and Kamali, 2008).
Kordestan is one of the most important rainfed agricultural regions in Iran. Bijar, with a production about 123,000 tons of rainfed wheat per year, is one of the most important regions to product rainfed wheat in Kurdistan. The maximum and minimum yield of rainfed wheat in Bijar during a 25-year period has been between 1380 and 213 (kg/ha), respectively (Anonymous, 2015). This large range of yield changes has had a significant impact on the region's economy. The present research was carried out with the aim of identifying important climatic factors in Bijar region and developing a model for estimating rainfed wheat yield based on these factors. The results of this research can be useful in developing quantitative and qualitative agricultural products and sustainable use of resources.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Climate
  • Resources Management
  • Planning
  • Development
  • Factor Analysis
  • Kordestan
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