بررسی کاربرد پلیمر سوپرجاذب بر عملکرد، اجزای عملکرد و کارایی مصرف آب کاهو

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 کارشناسی ارشد آبیاری و زهکشی، دانشکده مهندسی علوم آب، دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز.

2 دانشیار گروه آبیاری و زهکشی، دانشکده مهندسی علوم آب، دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز

3 دانشیار گروه علوم باغبانی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز.

چکیده

با توجه به محدودیت منابع آب، استفاده بهینه از آب ضروری است. با کاربرد برخی مواد نظیر پلیمرهای سوپرجاذب، می­توان از بارندگی­های مقطعی و سایر منابع محدود آب در امر حفظ و ذخیره آب در خاک استفاده نمود. پلیمرهای سوپرجاذب با جذب آب و تا حدودی، املاح کودی و انقباض و انبساط متناوب باعث بهبود خـصوصیات فیزیکی و شیمیایی خاک می­شوند. به منظور ارزیابی تأثیر پلیمر سوپرجاذب بر عملکرد، اجزای عملکرد و کارایی مصرف آب کاهو، پژوهشی در قالب یک طرح کاملاً تصادفی فاکتوریل با دو تیمار رژیم آبیاری( در سه سطح 60، 80 و 100 درصد تأمین نیاز گیاه) و غلظت سوپرجاذب (در چهار سطح صفر، 4 ،6 و 8 گرم در هر کیلوگرم خاک گلدان) در خاک لومی در سه تکرار در مزرعه تحقیقاتی دانشکده مهندسی علوم آب دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز انجام شد. نتایج نشان داد که کاربرد سوپرجاذب و کم آبیاری در سطح یک درصد بر میزان عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد تأثیر معنی­دار دارد و بیشترین عملکرد (وزن تر سر کاهو، 3/572 گرم)، ارتفاع از سطح خاک (5/25 سانتی­متر) در شرایط بدون تنش (100 درصد تأمین نیاز گیاه) و در حضور شش گرم سوپرجاذب در هر کیلوگرم خاک، بیشترین قطر (37 سانتی­متر) در شرایط 100 درصد تأمین نیاز گیاه و هشت گرم پلیمر و بیشترین کارایی مصرف آب (02/49 کیلوگرم بر مترمکعب) در شرایط 60 درصد تأمین نیاز گیاه و هشت گرم پلیمر به دست آمد. استفاده از شش گرم پلیمر و آبیاری کامل به منظور تولید حداکثر محصول توصیه می­گردد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

Effect of Superabsorbent Polymer on Yield, Yield components and Water Use Efficiency of Lettuce

نویسندگان [English]

  • Haniyeh Taheri 1
  • Amir Soltani Mohammadi 2
  • Naser Alamzade Ansari 3
1 1- M. Sc. Student of Irrigation and Drainage, Faculty of Water Sciences Engineering, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran.
2 Associate professor of Irrigation and Drainage, Faculty of Water Sciences Engineering, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran,
3 Associate Professor, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Water deficiency or drought is among the most important factors in reducing crop production (Heidari, et al., 2013). Water deficiency or water stress occurs when transpiration is more than water absorption (Alizadeh, 2008). One of the methods that researchers have been studying to increase water use efficiency and performance over the last decade is the use of superabsorbent polymers and deficit irrigation (Khyrabadi, et al., 2014). The superabsorbent polymer is a kind of hydrocarbon, which absorbs water several times as much as its own weight. Due to the drying of the root environment, the water inside these polymers is gradually evacuated and placed at the disposal of the plan, thus the soil will remain moist for a long time without the need for re-irrigation (Abedi Kupai, And Sohrsb, 2005). Considering that the most important advantage of superabsorbent application is reducing the effect of drought stress, this study investigated the effect of deficit irrigation and different levels of superabsorbent on yield, yield components and water use efficiency of lettuce.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Superabsorbent
  • Deficit irrigation
  • Yield
  • Water use efficiency
  • Lettuce
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دوره 43، شماره 1
فروردین 1399
صفحه 117-129
  • تاریخ دریافت: 04 خرداد 1396
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 20 فروردین 1397
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 28 فروردین 1397
  • تاریخ انتشار: 01 فروردین 1399