برنامه ریزی آبیاری ذرت علوفه‌ای (SC-701) با استفاده از شاخص تنش آبی گیاه در شمال اصفهان

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری، دانشکده علوم کشاورزی و صنایع غذایی، گروه مهندسی سیستمهای کشاورزی، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران.

2 دانشیار، دانشکده علوم کشاورزی و صنایع غذایی، گروه مهندسی سیستمهای کشاورزی، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران

3 استاد دانشکده مهندسی علوم آب دانشگاه آزاد واحد خوراسگان اصفهان.

4 استاد، دانشکده علوم کشاورزی و صنایع غذایی، گروه مهندسی سیستمهای کشاورزی، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران.

چکیده

محدودیت کمی و کیفی منابع آب باعث شده است که در بسیاری از اراضی گیاهان با تنش آبی مواجه شوند. از این رو شناخت این تنش­ها می­تواند در مدیریت زراعی موثر باشد. تنش آبی تاثیر زیاد بر عملکرد، نقش مهمی در برنامه­ریزی صحیح آبیاری، تعیین زمان و مقدار مناسب مصرف آب مورد نیاز گیاه دارد. شاخص تنش آبی گیاه(Crop Water Stress Index (CWSI) )یکی از پارامتر­های برآورد تنش است. این تحقیق بمنظور برنامه­ریزی آبیاری ذرت علوفه­ای (SC-701) با استفاده از دمای سطح برگ در شرایط اقلیمی شمال اصفهان، در سال زراعی 1392-1393، با پنج تیمار آبیاری T5, T4, T3, T2, T1  به ترتیب 37، 63، 75، 87و 100 درصد تخلیه مجاز رطوبتی خاک و در چهار تکرار انجام شد. نتایج نشان داد تخلیه مجاز رطوبتی خاک از 37 به 100 درصد، اختلاف دمای سطح برگ نسبت به دمای هوا حدود 4 درجه سانتیگراد شد و شاخص CWSIحدود سه و نیم برابر افزایش پیدا کرد. شاخص CWSI در روز قبل از آبیاری برای تیمارT1 تا T5 از حدود 12/0 تا 46/0 محاسبه شد. نتایج نشان داد معادله خط مبنای پایین تنش برای گیاه ذرت، تیمار T3 (75 درصد تخلیه مجاز رطوبتی) برابر با و معادله خط مبنای بالای تنش معادل  درجه سانتیگراد است و شاخص تنش آبی گیاه که مبنای برنامه­ریزی آبیاری است، 24/0 محاسبه شد. بررسی نتایج عملکرد تیمارها نشان داد که برنامه­ریزی آبیاری در این منطقه، باید براساس تیمارT3 با 75 درصد تخلیه مجاز رطوبتی خاک انجام شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Scheduling Maize Irrigation by Crop Water Stress Index (CWSI) in North of Isfahan

نویسندگان [English]

  • Khadijeh Fattahi 1
  • Hossen Babazadeh 2
  • Payam Najafi 3
  • Hossen Sedghi 4
1 Department of Water Science and Engineering, Science and Research Branch, Ismaic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
2 Department of Water Engineering, Khorasgan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran
3 Department of Water Science and Engineering, Science and Research Branch, Ismaic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
4 Department of Water Science and Engineering, Science and Research Branch, Ismaic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Nowadays, the world is facing increasing population and demand for food as well as shortage of fresh water supplies (Mangus et al., 2016). Deficit irrigation (DI) and urban wastewater utilization are two management solutions for the purpose of reducing fresh water consumption in agriculture. Due to the shortage of irrigation water resources and the increase of the area under cultivation, farmers in the northern part of Isfahan (viz., Borkhar), Iran, employ these two strategies. Precise irrigation planning could be of help in preventing water stress and optimum performance in plants. Water stress is considered one of the most important plant stresses, which is the most common and limiting factor for yield (Jackson et al., 1981; Scherrer et al., 2011; Zia et al., 2013).
Since 1970, canopy temperature has been accepted as an indicator of water stress because plants under stress close their stomata for preserving water and reducing stomatal conduction, decreasing transpiration, and increasing leaf temperature (Ballester et al., 2013).
One of the most reliable indicators is the crop water stress index (CWSI). Several studies have been conducted on irrigation scheduling using leaf surface temperature measurements. (Candogan et al., 2013; Orta et al., 2003). The difference in air temperature and leaf area was calculated from the difference in vapour pressure for different irrigation treatments in soybean and watermelon plants. Also, sorghum was studied by O’Shaughnessy et al. (2010) in different irrigation systems and the crop water stress index (CWSI) was calculated.
Mangus et al. (2016) examined the water stress index of corn in four stages of plant growth; their results showed that in the third stage of corn growth (i.e., in the flowering stage), the surface temperature of the leaf was higher and that the plant used the most energy for cob growth and thus shrinking transpiration from the plant. Based on the aforementioned studies, this study sought to compute the water stress index (CWSI) under irrigation treatments in the climate of North Isfahan in order to identify the irrigation time.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Deficit İrrigation
  • Leaf Surface Temperature
  • Total Available Water
  • Soil Water Deficit

مراجع

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علوم و مهندسی آبیاری
دوره 42، شماره 2
تیر 1398
صفحه 105-118

فایل ها

سابقه مقاله

  • تاریخ دریافت: 26 اردیبهشت 1396
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 01 مهر 1396
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 03 مهر 1396
  • تاریخ انتشار: 01 تیر 1398

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