حفاظت از منابع روباز آبی و پساب ها با استفاده از ترکیب رزین پلی ونیل بوتیرال و الکل های چرب

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دکتری علوم و مهندسی آبخیزداری، دانشکده منابع طبیعی و کویر شناسی، دانشگاه یزد

2 دانشیار و عضو هیئت علمی دانشکده منابع طبیعی و کویرشناسی، دانشگاه یزد.

3 استاد و عضو هیئت علمی دانشکده کشاورزی، بخش مهندسی گیاهپزشکی دانشگاه شهید باهنر کرمان.

4 رئیس بخش آب و محیط زیست واحد تحقیقات و توسعه، مجتمع مس سرچشمه کرمان.

چکیده

امروزه معضل کم‌آبی و محدودیت منابع آبی و همچنین حجم بالای تبخیر و هدررفت آب، باعث شده تا اهمیت روش‌های کاربردی مبنی بر کاهش میزان تبخیر از مخازن کوچک و بزرگ در سراسر دنیا روز به روز برجسته­تر ‌گردد. در تحقیق حاضر از یک روش شیمیایی جدید به‌منظور کاهش میزان تبخیر از سطح منابع آب شرب و پساب سد باطله مجتمع مس سرچشمه استفاده شده است. در این روش با استفاده از رزین پلی ونیل بوتیرال به همراه الکل‌های چرب هگزادکانول و اکتادکانول ترکیبی جدید جهت کاهش میزان تبخیر ارائه شده است. به این منظور، با حل پودر جامد این رزین در حلال کلروفورم و پخش آن در سطح آب یک لایه پلیمری تشکیل می‌شود که این لایه مانع از خروج مولکول­های سطح آب و تبخیر می‌شود. علاوه بر این حضور لایه پلیمری فوق در سطح آب می‌تواند به‌عنوان بستر پخش الکل‌های چرب نیز استفاده گردد. نتایج به‌دست‌آمده از تحقیق فوق نشان می‌دهد، ترکیب رزین پلی ونیل بوتیرال با الکل­های چرب نتایج بهتری را نسبت به استفاده خالص از این مواد ارائه می­دهد. نتایج پژوهش حاضر میزان کاهش تبخیر بر روی دو نمونه آب شرب و پساب با استفاده از ترکیب دو ماده فوق را به ترتیب 23/59 و 67/46 درصد نشان می­دهد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Conservation of Open Water Resources and Wastewater using a Mixture of Polyvinyl Butyral Resin and Fatty Alcohols

نویسندگان [English]

  • Hamideh Afkhami 1
  • Hossain Malekinezhad 2
  • Gholam Hossain Shahidi Bonjar 3
  • Esmat Esmailzadeh 4
1 Ph.D Gratuate, Faculty of Natural Resources, Yazd University
2 Associate Professor, Natural Resources and Desertification Department, Yazd University.
3 Professor, Agriculture Department, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman.
4 Head of Water and Environment Division, Research and Development Unit, Sarcheshmeh Kerman Copper Complex.
چکیده [English]

Today, the problems of water scarcity, limited water resources, high volume of evaporation, and water losses have highlighted the importance of ways to reduce the rate of evaporation from small and large reservoirs. In order to increase water supplies, reducing losses through evaporation have been investigated both in theoretical aspects and in practical applications in a number of countries (Ali et al., 2011; Barnes, 2008; Coleman, 2000). One of the most important methods for water conservation is the application of chemical films for reducing evaporation from open water resources such as reservoirs, lakes, and the like (Craig et al., 2007). These applications are especially important in arid and semiarid areas for the purpose of reducing evaporation rates from water surfaces. Most materials suggested by researchers for reduced evaporation have been the fatty alcohols containing 14 to 22 carbon atoms, such as Tetradecanol (C14), Pentadecanol (C15), Xadecanol (C16), Heptadecanol (C17), Octadecanol (C18), Nonadecanol (C19), Eicosanol (C20), Heneicosanol (C21), and Docosanol (C22).The two most favoured compounds used for evaporation control are Hexadecanol (C16H33OH) and Octadecanol (C18H35OH) although more complex variants are currently in development since they offer high resistance to water evaporation. In fact, small flakes of the solid alcohol spread spontaneously to form monolayers with a high molecular packing density (Manges and Crow, 1966). In this study, a new chemical method has been used to reduce the rate of evaporation. A new combination is made from polyvinyl butyral resin and Hexadecanol and Octadecanol as two fatty alcohols to reduce of evaporation from surface water sources and wastewater tailings dam of Sarcheshmeh Copper Complex.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Evaporation
  • Reducing Evaporation Coating
  • Sarcheshmeh Copper Complex
  • Water Loss
  • Water Shortage

مراجع

1- Ali, H., Madramootoo, C. A. and Abdel Gwad, S., 2001. Evaporation model of Lake Qaroun as influenced by lake salinity. Irrigation and Drainage, 50(1), pp. 9-17.
 2-Barnes, G.T., 1992. Optimum conditions for evaporation control by monolayers. Journal of Hydrology, 145(1-2), pp.165-173.
 3- Barnes, G.T., 2008. The potential for monolayers to reduce the evaporation of water from large water storages. Agricultural Water Management, 95(4), pp.339-53.
 4- Bursztyn, I., 1966. Evaporation reduction of water. Nature, 211(5048), P. 521.
 5- Chen, R.H., Phuoc, T.X. and Martello, D., 2010. Effects of nanoparticles on nanofluid droplet evaporation. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 53(19), pp. 3677-82.
 6- Coleman, M., 2000. Review and Discussion on the Evaporation Rate of Brines. Actis Environmental Services. Mundijong, Washington.
 7- Craig, I., Aravinthan, V. C., Baillie, P., Beswick, A., Barnes, G., Bradbury, R., Connell, L., Cooper, P., Fellows, C., Fitzmaurice, L. and Foley, J.P., 2007. Evaporation, seepage and water quality management in storage dams: a review of research methods. Environmental Health, 7(3), pp. 84-97.
 8-Craig, I., Green, A., Scobie, M. and Schmidt, E., 2005. Controlling Evaporation Loss from Water Storages, National Centre for Engineering in Agriculture Publication 1000580/1, USQ, Toowoomba, <http://www.ncea.org.au<.
 9-Crow, F. R. and Daniel, E. R., 1958. Chemicals for controlling evaporation from open water surfaces. Transactions of the American Society of Agricultural Engineers, 1(1), pp. 72-75.
 10- Crow, F. R. and Sattler, H., 1958. The influence of wind on chemical films for reservoir evaporation retardation. Paper presented at the meeting of the Southwest-Southeast Sections of the American Society of Agricultural Engineers at Little Rock, Arkansas.
 11- Crow, F.R., 1961. Reducing reservoir evaporation; application of surface films cuts losses. Agricultural Engineering, 42(5), pp. 240-243.
 12- Desai, A.C., Iyer, T.K. and Tople, V.M., 1990. Use of water evaporation retardants for water conservation. Indian Water Works Assocition, pp.193–194.
 13- Grundy, F., 1962. Some problems of maintaining a monomolecular film on reservoirs affected by winds. In Retardation of Evaporation by Monolayers, pp.213-218.
 14- Gugliotti, M., Baptista, M. S. and Politi, M. J., 2005. Reduction of evaporation of natural water samples by monomolecular films. Journal of the Brazilian Chemical Society, 16(6A), pp. 1186-1190.
 15- Herzig, M.A., Barnes, G.T. and Gentle, I.R., 2011. Improved spreading rates for monolayers applied as emulsions to reduce water evaporation, Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 357(1), pp. 239–242.
 16- La Mer, V.K. (Ed.)., 2014. Retardation of Evaporation by Monolayers: Transport Processes. Academic Press, New York, pp. 213–218.
 17- Manges, H. and F.R. Crow., 1966. Evaporation suppression by chemical and mechanical treatments. In Proceedings of the Oklahoma Academy of Science, (46), pp. 251-254.
 18- Moghiman, M. and Aslani, B., 2013. Influence of nanoparticles on reducing and enhancing evaporation mass transfer and its efficiency. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 30(61), pp. 114–118.
 19- O’Brien, R.N., 2006. Method for making a coated powder for reducing evaporative water loss. International Patent Application, WO 2006/012740 A1.
 20- Piri, M., Hesam, M., Dehghani, A.A., Meftah Halaghi, m., 2011. Experimental study on the effect of physical and chemical approach in reducing the evaporation from water surface. Journal of Water and Soil Conservation, 17(4), pp. 141-154. (In Persian).
 21- Ultimate Agri-Products, 2006. www.ultimateagri.com.au.
علوم و مهندسی آبیاری
دوره 42، شماره 2
تیر 1398
صفحه 75-88

فایل ها

سابقه مقاله

  • تاریخ دریافت: 05 اسفند 1395
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 14 شهریور 1396
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 20 شهریور 1396
  • تاریخ انتشار: 01 تیر 1398

هم رسانی

ارجاع به این مقاله

آمار