تأثیر تغییر الگوی کشت و بهبود راندمان سیستم های آبیاری بر کاهش برداشت از منابع آب زیرزمینی تحت سناریوهای تغییر اقلیم (مطالعه موردی: دشت کوار)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکترای گروه علوم و مهندسی آب، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه صنعتی اصفهان.

2 استاد گروه علوم و مهندسی آب، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه صنعتی اصفهان

3 استاد گروه علوم ومهندسی آب، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه صنعتی اصفهان.

4 استادیار گروه علوم و مهندسی آب، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه صنعتی اصفهان.

چکیده

کمبود شدید منابع آب سطحی و زیرزمینی مهم­ترین محدودیت توسعه پایدار کشاورزی در مناطق خشک و نیمه خشک می­ باشد. در مطالعه حاضر به بررسی شناخت تأثیرات توسعه سیستم­ های آبیاری و تغییر الگوی کشت روی نیاز آبیاری در شرایط تغییر اقلیم پرداخته شده است. برای شبیه ­سازی پارامترهای اقلیمی در آینده و میزان تأثیر آن ­ها روی نیاز آبیاری از سناریوهای انتشار RCP2.6، RCP4.5 و RCP8.5 گزارش پنجم تغییر اقلیم استفاده گردید. هم­چنین برای بررسی هم­زمان اثر بهبود راندمان آبیاری، تغییر اقلیم و تغییر الگوی کشت روی نیاز ناخالص آبیاری؛ ابتدا تغییرات الگوی کشت و سیستم ­های آبیاری دشت کوار در طی یک دهه مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفت، سپس سناریوهای مدیریتی مختلفی برای کاهش برداشت از آبخوان تعریف گردید. نتایج پیش­بینی پارامترهای اقلیمی بیانگر آن است که در هر سه سناریوی انتشار، دما افزایش و بارندگی کاهش می­ یابد. بر همین اساس میزان افزایش نیاز ناخالص آبیاری برای گیاهان مختلف تحت سناریو RCP2.6 بین چهار تا هشت درصد؛ تحت سناریو RCP4.5 بین شش تا 13و تحت سناریو RCP8.5 بین هشت تا 18 درصد پیش­بینی ­گردید. هم­چنین بررسی سطوح الگوی کشت دشت کوار در دهه اخیر نشان داد که افزایش راندمان آبیاری در منطقه موجب افزایش 10 درصدی سطح زیرکشت شده و عدم کاهش برداشت آب از آبخوان را به دنبال داشته است. نتایج اعمال سناریوهای آبیاری مختلف نشان داد با طراحی و تنظیم الگوی کشت و بهبود راندمان ­­های آبیاری سطحی و تحت فشار می­ توان در شرایط خشک و نرمال بین 21 تا 40 درصد، برداشت از منابع آب زیر زمینی دشت را کاهش داد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

The effect of changing the cultivation pattern and improving the efficiency of irrigation systems on reducing the withdrawal of groundwater resources under climate change scenarios (Case study: Kavar Plain)

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mohammad Kazem Shaabani 1
  • Jahangir Abedi Koupai 2
  • S. Saeid Eslamian 3
  • Alireza Gohari 4
1 Ph.D. Student, Department of Water Science and Engineering, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran.
2 Professor, Department of Water Science and Engineering, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran.(
3 Professor, Department of Water Science and Engineering, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran.
4 Assistant Professor, Department of Water Science and Engineering, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran.
چکیده [English]

The Severe shortage of surface and groundwater resources is the most important constraint on sustainable agricultural development in arid and semi-arid regions. Frequent droughts in recent decades have also led to a significant drop in groundwater levels due to uncontrolled abstraction. In the present study, different irrigation scenarios are provided to reduce the withdrawal of water from the aquifer of Kavar plain in Fars province. The results of various studies show that due to climate change, water resources are reduced and irrigation requirements of plants will be increased during the growing season (Goodarzi et al., 2015; Zeinoddini et al., 2019). In this study, to simulate future climate parameters, the outputs of AOGCMs models and emission scenarios RCP2.6, RCP4.5, and RCP8.5 of the Fifth Climate Change Report were used (IPCC,2014). Then irrigation requirements of the study area were calculated by Cropwat software considering the cultivation pattern for the future period. Finally, by defining irrigation scenarios, the simultaneous effects of climate change and cultivation pattern change in the development of irrigation systems (surface and pressurized) on groundwater resources were evaluated.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Irrigation Requirement
  • Prediction
  • Temperature
  • Rainfall
  • Irrigation scenarios

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علوم و مهندسی آبیاری
دوره 46، شماره 1
خرداد 1402
صفحه 47-63

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سابقه مقاله

  • تاریخ دریافت: 24 مهر 1400
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 15 دی 1400
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 18 دی 1400

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