ارزیابی سهم اجزای شبکه جریان در اطراف زهکش‌ زیرزمینی در یک مزرعه شالیزاری

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانش آموخته دکتری مهندسی آب، کارشناس مهندسی رودخانه ها و سواحل شرکت آب منطقه ای استان مازندران

2 استاد گروه مهندسی آب، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری

3 دانشیار گروه مدیریت منابع آب، دانشگاه وخنینگن هلند.

چکیده

الگوی جریان آب به سمت زهکش و اجزای شبکه جریان، اساس روابط طراحی سیستم زهکشی و تعیین کننده فاصله و عمق زهکش­ها می­باشند. این تحقیق، با هدف ارزیابی سهم اجزای جریان در اطراف زهکش زیرزمینی در مزرعه آزمایشی زهکشی زیرزمینی اراضی شالیزاری در دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری طی سال 1397 انجام شد. مقادیر سطح ایستابی و دبی زهکش­ها به­صورت روزانه در طول فصل کشت کلزا اندازه­گیری شده و هدایت هیدرولیکی افقی و عمودی لایه­های مختلف نیز به­روش چاهک تعیین شدند. بار اجزای جریان نیز با فرمول­های موجود محاسبه و با مقادیر اندازه­گیری شده مزرعه­ای مقایسه شد. نتایج نشان داد منحنی سطح ایستابی در فاصله بین دو زهکش، حالت افقی داشته و تنها در نزدیکی زهکش، افت زیادی مشاهده شد. وجود یک لایه با نفوذپذیری کم در عمق 60-30 سانتی­متری موجب کاهش نفوذ عمودی و افزایش حرکت افقی آب به سمت زهکش شده است. هم­چنین مقادیر اجزای جریان نشان داد که بار جریان افقی بخش اعظمی از جریان را تشکیل داده و همبستگی مناسبی بین مقادیر محاسباتی بار افقی و مقادیر اندازه­گیری شده وجود داشت اما، سهم جز عمودی جریان کم برآورد شد و با اندازه­گیری­های مزرعه­ای مطابقت نداشت. مقدار کل بار جریان برآورد شده نیز با مقدار سطح ایستابی اندازه­گیری شده اختلاف زیادی داشت. در مجموع، جریان افقی و شعاعی در محاسبه بار جریان در مزرعه شالیزاری سهم زیادی داشته و به­دلیل کم بودن نفوذپذیری لایه کفه سخت و مقاومت در برابر جریان عمودی، اختلاف زیادی در مقدار بار کل جریان با مقدار اندازه­گیری شده وجود داشت.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Determination of contribution of flow network components around drain tubes in paddy field drainage

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mehdi Jafari 1
  • Ali Shahnazari 2
  • Henk Ritzema 3
1 Ph.D. of Water Engineering, river engineering expert in Mazandaran Regional Water Company, Iran.
2 Professor of Water Engineering Department, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University, Iran;
3 Associate Professor of Water Resources Management Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen 6700–6709, The Netherlands.
چکیده [English]

Many theories are found for subsurface drainage system design (Kumar et al., 2013). These were formulated by some of the soil characteristics that are important in designing and operating drainage systems. Most of these formulas have simplified and just involved flow parameters or assumed soil media as a maximum of two layers. In paddy fields, used equations for water table depth prediction have no accordance with field condition. Due to specific flow situations in these fields, much difference was observed in results (Darzi-Naftchali et al., 2013). The differences were because of special layered soil in paddy fields and soil hydraulic characteristics, hardpan layer existence formed in long cultivation and tillage, its effect on flow, and of course, lack of a suitable formula for these fields. So, designing rules for subsurface drainage in paddy fields needs investigation and implementation of new relations to predict the flow pattern suitably. Determination of design criteria and suitable formulas needed to predict flow network around drain tubes. Jafari-Talukolaee et al. (2017) reported in predicting water table profile between bilevel subsurface drainage in paddy fields due to the existence of resistance in vertical flow direction based on soil layers, and field results have no suitable agreement with analytical solution. Darzi-Naftchali et al. (2013), analyzing the effect of subsurface drainage systems on water balance and water table in paddy fields for a successive rice and canola cultivation season, obtained that shallow drainage systems were more influenced than deep drainage systems in water table control. The flow pattern of water towards the drain tube and the components of the flow network are the basis of the drainage system design. By determining the flow path towards the drains and the water table profile variation, the distance and depth of the drains in paddy fields can be determined with greater accuracy.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • vertical
  • loads
  • horizontal loads
  • radial loads
  • drain discharge
  • Water table

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علوم و مهندسی آبیاری
دوره 47، شماره 1
خرداد 1403
صفحه 33-52

فایل ها

سابقه مقاله

  • تاریخ دریافت: 02 شهریور 1400
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 16 اسفند 1400
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 18 اسفند 1400
  • تاریخ انتشار: 01 خرداد 1403

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