بررسی اثرات کمپوست و بیوچار بر ذرت علوفه‌ای تحت شرایط کم‌آبیاری و آبیاری قطره‌ای در منطقه خرم‌آباد

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار، گروه مهندسی آب، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه لرستان، خرم‌آباد، ایران

2 استادیار، گروه و مهندسی تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه لرستان، خرم‌آباد. ایران.

3 گروه و مهندسی تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه لرستان، خرم‌آباد. ایران

چکیده

کمبود آب یکی از مهمترین تهدید‌ها برای ادامه حیات و توسعه کشاورزی در کشور است لذا استفاده از روش‌های مختلف مدیریت آب در مزرعه برای بهبود میزان بهره‌وری و راندمان مصرف آب ضروری است. به منظور بررسی اثر ‌ورمی‌کمپوست و بیوچار بر عملکرد و بهره‌وری آب ذرت، پژوهشی در شهر خرم‌آباد به صورت فاکتوریل با طرح پایه کاملا تصادفی در سه تکرار انجام شد که فاکتور اول تیمار آب آبیاری در 4 سطح شامل آبیاری بر اساس تامین 100 درصد نیاز آبی (I1)، تامین 80 درصد نیاز آبی (I2)، تامین 60 درصد نیاز آبی (I3)، تامین 40 درصد نیاز آبی (I4) و فاکتور دوم شامل کود آلی ‌ورمی‌کمپوست (C)، بیوچار (B) و تیمار شاهد ( بدون ماده اصلاحی) (I) بودند. نتایج تحقیق نشان داد که بیشترین میزان عملکرد‌تر، عملکرد خشک و ارتفاع بوته در تیمار I1-C مشاهده گردید که به ترتیب برابر71/126 تن در هکتار، 27/46 تن در هکتار و 35/2 متر به دست آمد و بیشترین مقدار بهره‌وری تر و بهره‌وری خشک در تیمار I2-C بود که به ترتیب برابر 79/16 کیلوگرم بر متر مکعب و 9/5 کیلوگرم بر متر مکعب بدست آمد. اگرچه استفاده از ورمی‌کمپوست نتایج بهتری نسبت به بیوچار داشت اما کاربرد بیوچار نیز سبب افزایش عملکرد محصول نسبت به تیمار شاهد گردید به طوری که در تیمار بدون تنش‌ آبی و مصرف بیوچار عملکرد خشک 06/27 درصد، عملکرد تر 78/29 درصد، بهره‌وری بیولوژیک 41/36 درصد و بهره‌وری تر 01/46 درصد افزایش نسبت تیمار شاهد مشاهده گردید. لذا استفاده از این دو کود آلی در افزایش عملکرد و بهره‌وری آب ذرت به طرز قابل توجهی موثر واقع شد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Investigating the effect of compost and biochar on Maize under the condition of water stress and drip irrigation in Khoramabad region.

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mehri Saeedinia 1
  • Seyed Hossein Mousavi 2
  • sajjad rahimi moghadam 3
1 Assistant Professor, Department of Water Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Lorestan University, Khorramabad, Iran.
2 Assistant Professor, Department of Plant Production and Genetic Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Lorestan University, Khorramabad.Iran.
3 Department of Plant Production and Genetic Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Lorestan University, Khorramabad.Iran
چکیده [English]

Water shortage is one of the most important threats to the survival and development of agriculture in the country, so it is necessary to use different methods of farm water management to improve the water productivity and water efficiency. In order to investigate the effect of vermicompost and biochar on the yield and water productivity of corn, a factorial research was conducted in Khorramabad city with a completely random basic design in three replications, the first factor was irrigation water treatment at 4 levels including irrigation based on supplying 100% of Water requirements (I1), providing 80% of Water requirements (I2), providing 60% of Water requirements (I3), providing 40% of Water requirements (I4) and the second factor including organic fertilizer, vermicompost (C), biochar (B) and control treatment (I). The results of the research showed that maximum wet yield, dry yield and plant height were observed in the I1-C treatment, which were 126.71 tons per hectare, 46.27 tons per hectare and 2.35 meters, respectively, and the maximum amount of wet productivity and dry productivity was obtained in I2-C treatment was 16.79 kg/m3 and 5.9 kg/m3, respectively. Although the use of vermicompost had better results than biochar, the use of biochar also increased the yield compared to the control treatment, so that in the treatment without water stress and using biochar, the dry yield was 27.06%, the wet yield was 29.78%, and the biological productivity 36.41% and more productive 46.01% increase in control treatment ratio was observed. Therefore, the use of these two organic fertilizers was significantly effective in increasing the yield and water productivity of corn.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Organic fertilizers
  • water management
  • fodder crops
  • irrigation systems

مراجع

  • Alizadeh, A., 2004.Soil water-plant relation ship. Mashhad: beh nashr. (In persian).

 

  • Amerian, M., Hashemi Garmdareh, S.E. and Karami, A., 2021. Effect of Deficit Drip Irrigation on Yield and Water Use Efficiency of Single Cross Corn 704. Journal of Water Research in Agriculture, 35(3), pp.247-258. (In persian). doi: 22092/jwra.2021.352290.832.

 

  • Amini Najafabadi, M., Fatahi, R. A., Ghorbani, B. 2020. 'Effect of different types of drip irrigation tapes and different levels of irrigation on yield components of forage maize. Iranian Water Researches Journal, 14(4), pp. 179-187. (In persian).

 

  • Arancon, Q. N. and Edwards, C. A., 2009. The utilization of vermicompost in Horticulture and Agriculture. In: Edwards CA, Jeyaraaj R, Indira AJ (Eds.) Vermitechnology in Human welfare. Rohini Achagam, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India, 98-108.

 

  • N.. Teixido. M. and Spahr. S.. 2019. Evaluation of pilot- scale biochar – amended woodchip bioreactors to remove nitrate, metals, and trace organic contaminants from urban storm water runoff. Water Research, 154 (1), pp. 1-11. doi: 10.1016/j.waters.2019.01.040.

 

  • Aslam, M., Cengiz, R. and Maqbool, M.A., 2015. Drought stress in maize (Zea mays ). Springer. Switzerland, 2 p. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-25442-5.

 

  • Biglouei, M., Kafi Ghasemi, A., Javaherdashti, M. and Isfahani, M., 2013. Effect of irrigation regimes on yield and quality of forage maize (KSC 704) in Rasht region in Iran. Iranian Journal of Crop Sciences, 15(3) ,pp. 196-206. (In persian).

 

  • Behrouri, D., Diyanat, M., Majidi, E., Mirhadi, J.M. and Shirkhani, A., 2022. Effect of Deficit Irrigation, Fertilizers and Vermicompost on Forage Maize (Zea mays L.). Journal of Crops Improvement, 24(4), pp. 1069-1084. (In persian). doi:10.22059/jci.2021.328509.2594.

 

  • Bronson, K. F., Onken, A. B., Keeling, J. W., Booker, J. D. & Torbert, H.A., 2006 Nitrogen response in cotton as affected by tillage system and irrigation level. Soil Science Society American Journal, 65, pp. 1153-1163. doi:10.2136/sssaj2001.6541153x.

 

  • Chartzoulakis, K., and Bertaki, M. 2015. Sustainable water management in agriculture under climate change. Agriculture and Agricultural Science Procedia, 4, 88- 98. doi: 10.1016/j.aaspro.2015.03.011.

 

  • Doan, T. T., Henry-des-Tureaux, T., Rumpel, C., Janeau, J. L. and Jouquet, P., 2015. Impact ofcompost, vermicompost and biochar on soil fertility, maize yield and soil erosion in NorthernVietnam: A three year mesocosm experiment. Science of the Total Environment, 514, pp. 147 154. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.02.005.

 

  • Faizabadi, A., Nurmohammadi, Q. and Fatehi, F., 2021. Study of some Morphophysiological Characteristics of Several Rapeseed Cultivars Using Vermicompost Fertilizer in Drought Tension Conditions. Scientific Journal of Crop Physiology , 12(4), pp . 133-153. (In persian). dor: 20.1001.1.2008403.1399.12.48.8.4.

 

  • Fakhrabadi, H. and Khossima Chenar, M., 2021. The effect of dificit irrigation and biochar on the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of basil medicinal plant. Iran Irrigation and Drainage Journal, 15(3), pp. 941-954. (In persian). dor: 20.1001.1.20087942.2021.15.4.17.7

 

  • Hajirad, I., Mirlatifi, S. M., Dehaghani Sanich, H., Mohammadi, S. 2021. Investigating the effect of deficit irrigation on yield and water productivity of silage maize under pulsed and continuous drip irrigation management', Iranian Water Researches Journal, 15(3), pp. 15-23.. (In persian).

 

  • Howell, T.A., Evett, S.R., Tolk, J.A. and Schneider, A.D., 2004. Evapotranspiration of full-, deficit-irrigated, and dryland cotton on the Northern Texas High Plains. Journal of irrigation and drainage engineering, 130(4), pp.277-285.. doi:10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9437(2004)130:4(277).

 

  • Hussain Shah, Z., Rehman, H., Akhtar, T., Alsamandany. H., Hamooh, B., Mujtaba, T., Daur, I., Zahrani, Y., Alzahrani, H., Ali, Sh., Yang, S., and Chung, G. 2018. Humic substances: determining potential molecular regulatory processes in plants. Frontiers in Plant Science,9, pp 1-12. doi:10.3389/fpls.2018.00263.

 

  • Ismailian,Y.and Amiri. B M.. 2022. Effect of Spent Mushroom (Agaricus bisporus Imbach.) Compost on Growth, Yield, and Water Use Efficiency of Mungbean (Vigna radiata L.) in Conditions of Cut Irrigation in the Pod Formation Stage. Journal of Agroecology, 2(14), pp. 235-249. (In persian). doi: 10.22067/agry.2021.20272.0.

 

  • Joseph, S., Cowie, A.L., Van Zwieten, L., Bolan, N., Budai, A., Buss, W., Luz Cayuela, M., Graber, E.R., Ippolito, J. A., Kuzyakov, Y., Luo, Y., Sik Ok, Y., Palansooriya, K.N., Shepherd, J., Stephens, S., Weng, Z. and Lehmann, J., 2021. How biochar works, and when it doesn’t: A review of mechanisms controlling soil and plant responses to biochar. GCB Bioenergy, doi: 10.1111/gcbb.12885

 

  • Leng, l., Huang, H., Li, H., Li, J. and Zhou, W., 2019. Biochar stability assessment methods, review. Science of The Total Environment, 647,pp. 210-222. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.07.402

 

  • Mahajan, G., Sharda, R., Kumar, A. and Singh, K., 2007. Effect of plastic mulch on economizing irrigation water and weed control in baby corn sown by different methods. African Journal of Agricultural Research, 2(1), pp. 19-26.

 

  • Maleki Farahani, S. and Chaichi. M., 2012. Application of biological and integrated fertilizers mitigates the adverse effects of drought stress on barley. International Research Journal of Applied and Basic Sciences, 3 (7), Pp. 1508-1519.

 

  • Masomi, T., Rahimikhoob, A., Ghorbanijavid, M. and Nazarifar, M.H. 2015. The effect of intermittent deficit irrigation on yield, yield components and water productivity of maize Se-704. Iranian Journal of Irrigation and Drainage, 4(8), 810 – 816. (In Persian).

 

  • Mohkami, A., Yazdan-Panah, N. and Saeednejad, A.M., 2022. The Effect of Vermicompost and Biochar Application on Morphophysiological Characteristics of Quinoa under Drought Stress Conditions. Iran Water and Soil Research, 53(1), pp. 129-140.. (In persian). doi: 10.22059/ijswr.2021.329540.669058.

 

  • Moradi, N., Rasouli Sedghiani, M.H. and Sepehr, A., 2017. Effect of Biochar Types and Rates on Some Soil properties and Nutrients Availability in a Calcareous Soil. Journal of Water and Soil, 31(4), 1232-1246. (In persian). doi: 10.22067/jsw.v31i4.61298.

 

  • Nasimi, P., Karimi, A. and Garami, Z., 2022. Investigation the Effects of Date Palm Leaves and It’s Biochar on Yield and Water Use Efficiency of Forage Corn. Iran Water and Soil Research, 53(1), 97-85. (In persian). doi: 10.22059/ijswr.2022.335796.669162.

 

  • Palash, M., Bafkar, A., Farhadie bansoule, B. and Ghobadi, M., 2022. Investigating the effects of deficit irrigation on the quantitative, qualitative and water productivity characteristics of Single Cross 706 seed corn in Kermanshah. Advanced technologies in water efficiency, (1)2, pp. 16-37. (In persian). doi: 10.22126/atwe.2021.6686.1003.

 

  • Piroozfar, R., Borumandnesb, S. and Salehi, F., 2019. Effect of Drip Irrigation on Grain Yield and Water Use Efficiency of Corn (Zea mays L.) with Winged and Non- Winged Tape Under Ahwaz Climatic. Water and Soil Science Journal, 30(4), 29-41. doi:10.22034/ws.2020.11644

 

  • Rafiei, M. and Konani, A.R., 2019. Effect of vermicompost and nitrogen fertilizer on quantitative and qualitative yield of corn (Zea Mays L.). Iranian Journal of Field Crop Science, 50(1),pp. 151-159. (In persian). doi: 10.22059/ijfcs.2018.249682.654431.

 

  • Ravindran, B., Dinesh, S. L., Kennedy, L. and Sekaran, G., 2008. Vermicomposting of solid waste generated from Leather Industries using epigeic earth worm eiseniafetida. AppliedBiochemical Biotechnology, 151, pp. 480-488. doi: 10.1007/s12010-008-8222-3.

 

  • Srivastava, R.K. and Beohar, P.A., 2004. Vermicompost as an organic manure. A good sustitute of fertilizers. International Journal of Current Science, 5, pp. 141-143.

 

  • Vaziri, J., Salamat, A.L., Meschi, M., Dehghanisanij, H., Heydari, N., and Entisari, M.R., Evapotranspiration of plants (instructions for calculating the plants water requirment). Tehran. Iranian National Irrigation and Drainage Committee. (In persian).

 

  • Warman, A., 2003. Corn and capitalism: How a botanical bustard grew to global dominance. The University of North Carolina Press, USA, pp . 1-273.

 

  • Yadav, A.K., Chand. S. and Thenua. O., 2016. Effect of integrated nutration management on productivity of Maize with Mungbean intercropping. Global Journal of Bio-Sience and Biotechnology, 5(1), 115-118.

 

  • Zafar, U., Akmal, M., Ali. M., Zaib, A. and Zaid, T., 2018. Effect of biochar on maize yield and yield components in rainfed conditions. International Journal of Agronomy and Agricultural Research (IJAAR),12(3), pp. 46-51.

 

  • Zhang, L., Sun, X., Tian, Y. and Gong, X., 2014. Biochar and humic acid amendments improve the quality of comosted green waste as a growth medium for the ornamental plant Calathea insignis. Scientia Horticulturae, 176, pp. doi: 10.1016/j.scienta.2014.06.021
علوم و مهندسی آبیاری
دوره 47، شماره 3
آبان 1403
صفحه 69-85

فایل ها

سابقه مقاله

  • تاریخ دریافت: 10 خرداد 1402
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 12 آذر 1402
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 16 دی 1402
  • تاریخ انتشار: 01 آبان 1403

هم رسانی

ارجاع به این مقاله

آمار