تحلیل آلودگی ناشی از نیکل و روی موجود در رواناب شهری با استفاده از توابع توزیع‌ احتمال (مطالعه موردی: شهر همدان)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری مهندسی منابع آب، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه بوعلی‌سینا، ایران.

2 استاد گروه علوم و مهندسی آب، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه بوعلی‌سینا، ایران.

چکیده

آلودگی‌ ناشی از عناصر سمی در رواناب‌های شهری حاصل از باران و ورود آن‌ها به منابع آب‌های سطحی، موجب خسارت‌های زیست محیطی شدیدی می شود. از این رو شناسایی آلاینده‌های مزبور و تحلیل آماری آن‌ها با هدف ارائه راه‌کارهای مدیریتی، امری ضروری است. در این مطالعه بررسی داده‌های آلودگی عناصر نیکل و روی موجود در رواناب شهری همدان، از طریق بررسی تعداد چهل و پنج تابع توزیع احتمال پیوسته و برازش آن‌ها انجام گرفت. برای این منظور ابتدا نمونه‌برداری در سه ایستگاه خروجی رواناب شهری مربوط به هفت رخداد بارش انجام شد. سپس با استفاده از چهار روش گشتاورها (MOM)، گشتاورهای خطی (MOL)، حداکثر درست‌نمایی (MLE) و حداقل مربعات (LSE)  نسبت به برازش توابع مختلف توزیع بر مقادیر میانگین غلظت آلودگی نیکل و روی و همچنین سری غلظت‌های لحظه‌ای آلودگی نیکل و روی اقدام گردید. به‌منظور ارزیابی و مقایسه توابع مختلف توزیع، از آزمون‌های نکویی برازش کولموگروف- اسمیرنوف و اندرسون- دارلینگ استفاده شد. نتایج نشان داد که از میان توزیع های مختلف، توزیع ویک‌بای، بهترین تابع برای برازش مقادیر میانگین غلظت آلودگی هر دو عنصر نیکل و روی است. همچنین دو تابع جانسون اس‌بی و مقادیر حدی تعمیم‌یافته، به‌ترتیب به‌عنوان مناسب‌ترین توزیع برای برازش سری غلظت‌های لحظه‌ای آلودگی نیکل و روی به‌دست آمد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

Analysis of Pollution due to Ni and Zn in Urban Runoff Using by Probability Distribution Functions (Case Study: Hamedan)

نویسندگان [English]

  • Amin Toranjian 1
  • Safar Marofi 2
1 Ph.D. Student of Water Sciences Engineering Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Bu-Ali Sina University of Hamedan, Iran.
2 Professor of Water Sciences Engineering Department, Faculty of Agriculture,Bu-Ali Sina University of Hamedan, Iran
چکیده [English]

Urban storm water has often been known as a major source of pollution influencing the surface water quality in urban areas (Fu et al., 2009). The urban storm water and its economic, social and environmental adverse effects can be predicted and controlled like other natural phenomena to minimize both the induced damages and partial rehabilitation of that for water demand. If first flush happens during the precipitation, in order to prevent the pollution entering to the vital resource, control of the initial part of runoff is sufficient. In this situation, a large amount of the equipment and costs of pollution control will diminish. The prediction of an event occurrence in the future depends on the accurate analysis of the relevant variable in the past. Because the runoff quality data is random and dependent on spatial and temporal variables, the analysis of such information requires using the statistical calculations. One of the most used statistical methods based on the probability is the frequency of the occurrence or the number of times that a given parameter takes place in a specified time interval. Ni and Zn are two elements of the heavy metal group with harmful effects in unallowable concentration on human health. In Hamedan, the urban storm water, alongside the route and after getting out of the catchment outlet, has been used to irrigate the agricultural crops and vegetables. The runoff enters the surface water and penetrates to the groundwater resources. Moreover, the high ability of Ni and Zn absorption in some agricultural plants and vegetables adversely influences the humans and animals. Therefore, the evaluation of the concentrations of these two elements is so necessary. 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Goodness of fit test
  • Instantaneous concentration
  • Mean concentration
  • Ni
  • Zn
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