تعیین شاخص‌های تنش خشکی دو رقم کنجد محلی بهبهان و دشتستان2

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار پژوهش، بخش تحقیقات فنی و مهندسی کشاورزی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی خوزستان، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، اهواز

2 مربی پژوهش، بخش تحقیقات اصلاح و تهیه نهال و بذر، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی خوزستان، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، اهواز، ایران.

3 محقق صنایع غذایی، بخش تحقیقات فنی و مهندسی کشاورزی ، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی خوزستان، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، اهواز، ایران.

چکیده

به­منظور بررسی شاخص­های تنش­خشکی در روش آبیاری قطره­ای نواری بر عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد دانه، عملکرد روغن، درصد روغن دانه و کارایی مصرف آب، آزمایشی در سال زراعی 98-1397 در ایستگاه تحقیقات کشاورزی بهبهان اجرا گردید. آزمایش به صورت کرت‌های یک‌بار خرد شده در قالب طرح پایه بلوک­های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار اجرا شد. فاکتور اصلی شامل مقدار آب در آبیاری قطره­ای نواری در پنج سطح شامل چهار سطح 40، 60، 80 و 100 درصد نیازآبی از شروع مرحله گلدهی در آبیاری قطره­ای و یک سطح آبیاری سطحی (جویچه­ای) به­عنوان تیمار شاهد و فاکتور فرعی شامل رقم در دو سطح شامل ارقام محلی بهبهان و دشتستان2 بود. مقایسه میانگین اثرات متقابل آبیاری و رقم نشان داد که بالاترین کارایی مصرف آب مربوط به رقم محلی بهبهان در تیمار 100 درصد نیاز آّبـی  با مقادیر معادل  222/0 کیلوگرم دانه کنجد بر مترمکعب آب  بود. به­دلیل بیش­تر بودن مقادیر شاخص­های SSI و TOL در رقم محلی بهبهان نسبت به رقم دشتستان2 می­توان رقم محلی بهبهان را از نظر تنش­خشکی به عنوان تیمار برتر معرفی نمود. نتایج ضریب همبستگی پیرسون نشان داد وجود همبستگی مثبت و معنی­دار تعداد دانه در کپسول، کپسول در بوته و وزن هزاردانه به­عنوان اجزای عملکرد با عملکرد نشان داد که با افزایش اجزای عملکرد  در نهایت عملکرد دانه افزایش یافت. میزان شاخص­های SSI و TOL با افزایش سطح تنش­خشکی (از 100 درصد به 40 درصد نیاز آبی) افزایش پیدا کرد در حالی­که مقادیر شاخص­های STI، MP، GMP، HM، YI و YSI با افزایش سطح تنش کاهش یافتند.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Determination of Drought Stress Indices of Two Varieties Sesame Local of Behbahan and Dashtestan2

نویسندگان [English]

  • Nader Salamati 1
  • Amirkhosro Danaie 2
  • Leila Behbahani 3
1 Research Assistant Professor of Agricultural Engineering Research Department, Khuzestan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Ahvaz, Iran..
2 Member of Scientific Board, Seed and Plant lmprovement Department, Khuzestan. Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Ahvaz, Iran.
3 Researcher of food industry, Agricultural Engineering Research Department, Khuzestan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Ahvaz, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Water stress is currently considered the most important and common cause of reduced yield in arid and semi-arid regions. Still, this tension may even occur in areas with high rainfall. Due to its resistance to drought and heat, Sesame is of great importance in developing agriculture in arid and semi-arid regions during summer planting. Sesame, with the scientific name Sesamum indicum L. is crucial in developing agriculture in arid and semi-arid regions during summer planting (Aien, 2013) due to its tolerance to drought stress and heat. According to the results of this study, the KC50662 and Oltan sesame varieties in terms of yield and yield components in normal conditions and stress were in the superior group. The two cultivars with higher stress tolerance index (STI) had higher performance in both conditions. Regression results for the STI index indicated that cultivars with higher STI had more seed weight per capsule and more capsules per plant (Abbasali et al., 2017). The results of one research showed that Olt cultivar with the highest levels of STI and the lowest SSI and TOL as tolerant cultivars were identified in normal condition and moisture stress conditions. The researchers also identified the Sesame Oltan variety as having the highest amount of STI and the least amount of SSI and TOL indices as a drought-tolerant (Molaei et al., 2012). In one study, Darab 14 sesame variety was superior in the normal conditions and moisture stress in terms of tolerance and sensitivity and was introduced as an outstanding cultivar in evaluating MP, TOL, SSI, HARM, and STI indices (Amani et al. 2012). Considering the importance of Sesame as one of the leading products of feed oil supply in Iran, the implementation of low irrigation can be adapted to the occurrence of droughts with water shortages. This study aimed to investigate the effect of drought stress on different levels of drip irrigation and the identification of superior cultivars based on drought stress indices.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • 1000-Grain Weight
  • Water Use Efficiency
  • Variety
  • Evapotranspiration
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