اثر کم‌آبیاری بر تغییرات زمانی نفوذپذیری خاک در آبیاری جویچه‌ای

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشیار، گروه مهندسی آبیاری و آبادانی، پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهران، کرج، ایران

2 دانش آموخته کارشناس ارشد، گروه مهندسی آبیاری و آبادانی، پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهران، کرج، ایران.

3 دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد، گروه مهندسی آبیاری و آبادانی، پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهران، کرج، ایران.

4 دانش آموخته کارشناسی ارشد، گروه مهندسی آبیاری و آبادانی، پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهران، کرج، ایران.

چکیده

نفوذپذیری خاک که اهمیت زیادی در طراحی و مدیریت آبیاری جویچه‌ای دارد نسبت به زمان تغییر می‌کند. این مسئله بر یکنواختی توزیع آب نفوذ­یافته در مزرعه، مدت زمان آبیاری و در نتیجه بر راندمان آبیاری جویچه‌ای تاثیر زیادی خواهد گذاشت. هدف این تحقیق، بررسی تغییرات زمانی پارامترهای معادله نفوذ کوستیاکوف-لوییس در شرایط کم‌آبیاری جویچه‌ای در نوبت‌های مختلف آبیاری محصول ذرت بود. در این تحقیق، چهار تیمار براساس تامین نیاز آبی گیاه در انتهای جویچه (شامل آبیاری کامل (شاهد) و آبیاری در حد 75، 50 و 25 درصد عمق آب مورد نیاز در انتهای جویچه) مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. جویچه­ها ذورنقه­ای شکل و فاصله و طول آن­ها به­ترتیب 75/0 و 51 متر بود. پارامترهای نفوذ با استفاده از داده‌های زمان پیشروی و هیدروگراف دبی ورودی و خروجی در تیمارهای مختلف به وسیله مدل IPARM برآورد شد. نتایج نشان داد که مدل IPARMدر برآورد پارامترهای معادله نفوذ کوستیاکوف-لوییسدر نوبت‌های مختلف آبیاری دارای دقت خوبی بود، به­طوری­که میانگین خطای کل حجم آب نفوذیافته در طول جویچه حدود شش درصد به­دست آمد. بیشترین و کمترین خطای نسبی در تخمین حجم آب نفوذ­یافته به­ترتیب برای تیمار کم­آبیاری 50 درصد در آبیاری دوازدهم (19 درصد) و تیمار کم­آبیاری 75 درصد در آبیاری یازدهم (3/0 درصد) به­دست آمد. بیشترین و کمترین تغییرپذیری پارامترهای معادله نفوذ  برای تیمارهای کم­آبیاری در حد 25 و 50 درصد انتهای جویچه به­دست آمد. هم­چنین زمان پیشروی آب در طول جویچه در تیمارهای کم‌آبیاری بیشتر از تیمار آبیاری کامل به­دست آمد.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

The Effect of Deficit Irrigation on Temporal Changes of Infiltration in Furrow Irrigation

نویسندگان [English]

  • Hamed Ebrahimian 1
  • Ebrahim Vatankhah 2
  • Saeed Khedmati 3
  • Babak Dialameh 4
1 Associate Professor, Department of Irrigation and Reclamation Engineering, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran.
2 2- M.Sc. Graduate, Department of Irrigation and Reclamation Engineering, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran.
3 3- M.Sc. Student, Department of Irrigation and Reclamation Engineering, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran.
4 4- M.Sc. Graduate, Department of Irrigation and Reclamation Engineering, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Full irrigation is recommended for the regions with no limitation to access water for irrigating the farm lands. Due to the population increase and consequently, the increase in cultivation field’s area, the climate changes etc., full irrigation is not possible in many regions (Kheyrabi et al., 1996). Under this condition, using the water management techniques, such as deficit irrigation, is necessary and its importance is undeniable. Deficit irrigation is an optimum procedure in producing the agricultural products under water limitation. In this technique, agricultural product decreases per unit area, but it is enhanced by increasing the cultivation fields. Deficit irrigation is a suitable procedure that allows planting to reduce the product by decreasing the water uptake. The main purpose of deficit irrigation is increasing the water use efficiency with decreasing applied water in each irrigation event.
Soil infiltration characteristics are very important in the design and management of furrow irrigation systems (Foroud et al., 1996; She et al., 2014). For this reason, extensive research have been done in the field of water infiltration and soil permeability process in surface irrigation (such as measuring and estimating the infiltration changes, advance time, recession time, surface storage, subsurface movement etc.). Soil infiltration changes over time affect the distribution uniformity of infiltrated water in the field, irrigation duration and finally irrigation efficiency in the furrow irrigation. Soil compaction and also cracking the furrow bottom after irrigation events are the main reasons for these changes, especially, after the initial irrigation events and under deficit irrigation conditions. Investigating the effect of deficit irrigation on the infiltration process and temporal infiltration changes and considering these changes in designing furrow irrigation systems is essential under water shortage condition. Therefore, the main purpose of this study was to investigate the temporal changes of Kostiakov-Lewis equation parameters under deficit irrigation conditions in different irrigation events during maize growing season.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Maize
  • Kostiakov-Lewis equation
  • Final infiltration rate
  • Irrigation event
  • IPARM model
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