اثر کم‌آبیاری بر تغییرات زمانی نفوذپذیری خاک در آبیاری جویچه‌ای

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشیار، گروه مهندسی آبیاری و آبادانی، پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهران، کرج، ایران

2 دانش آموخته کارشناس ارشد، گروه مهندسی آبیاری و آبادانی، پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهران، کرج، ایران.

3 دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد، گروه مهندسی آبیاری و آبادانی، پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهران، کرج، ایران.

4 دانش آموخته کارشناسی ارشد، گروه مهندسی آبیاری و آبادانی، پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهران، کرج، ایران.

چکیده

نفوذپذیری خاک که اهمیت زیادی در طراحی و مدیریت آبیاری جویچه‌ای دارد نسبت به زمان تغییر می‌کند. این مسئله بر یکنواختی توزیع آب نفوذ­یافته در مزرعه، مدت زمان آبیاری و در نتیجه بر راندمان آبیاری جویچه‌ای تاثیر زیادی خواهد گذاشت. هدف این تحقیق، بررسی تغییرات زمانی پارامترهای معادله نفوذ کوستیاکوف-لوییس در شرایط کم‌آبیاری جویچه‌ای در نوبت‌های مختلف آبیاری محصول ذرت بود. در این تحقیق، چهار تیمار براساس تامین نیاز آبی گیاه در انتهای جویچه (شامل آبیاری کامل (شاهد) و آبیاری در حد 75، 50 و 25 درصد عمق آب مورد نیاز در انتهای جویچه) مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. جویچه­ها ذورنقه­ای شکل و فاصله و طول آن­ها به­ترتیب 75/0 و 51 متر بود. پارامترهای نفوذ با استفاده از داده‌های زمان پیشروی و هیدروگراف دبی ورودی و خروجی در تیمارهای مختلف به وسیله مدل IPARM برآورد شد. نتایج نشان داد که مدل IPARMدر برآورد پارامترهای معادله نفوذ کوستیاکوف-لوییسدر نوبت‌های مختلف آبیاری دارای دقت خوبی بود، به­طوری­که میانگین خطای کل حجم آب نفوذیافته در طول جویچه حدود شش درصد به­دست آمد. بیشترین و کمترین خطای نسبی در تخمین حجم آب نفوذ­یافته به­ترتیب برای تیمار کم­آبیاری 50 درصد در آبیاری دوازدهم (19 درصد) و تیمار کم­آبیاری 75 درصد در آبیاری یازدهم (3/0 درصد) به­دست آمد. بیشترین و کمترین تغییرپذیری پارامترهای معادله نفوذ  برای تیمارهای کم­آبیاری در حد 25 و 50 درصد انتهای جویچه به­دست آمد. هم­چنین زمان پیشروی آب در طول جویچه در تیمارهای کم‌آبیاری بیشتر از تیمار آبیاری کامل به­دست آمد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

The Effect of Deficit Irrigation on Temporal Changes of Infiltration in Furrow Irrigation

نویسندگان [English]

  • Hamed Ebrahimian 1
  • Ebrahim Vatankhah 2
  • Saeed Khedmati 3
  • Babak Dialameh 4
1 Associate Professor, Department of Irrigation and Reclamation Engineering, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran.
2 2- M.Sc. Graduate, Department of Irrigation and Reclamation Engineering, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran.
3 3- M.Sc. Student, Department of Irrigation and Reclamation Engineering, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran.
4 4- M.Sc. Graduate, Department of Irrigation and Reclamation Engineering, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Full irrigation is recommended for the regions with no limitation to access water for irrigating the farm lands. Due to the population increase and consequently, the increase in cultivation field’s area, the climate changes etc., full irrigation is not possible in many regions (Kheyrabi et al., 1996). Under this condition, using the water management techniques, such as deficit irrigation, is necessary and its importance is undeniable. Deficit irrigation is an optimum procedure in producing the agricultural products under water limitation. In this technique, agricultural product decreases per unit area, but it is enhanced by increasing the cultivation fields. Deficit irrigation is a suitable procedure that allows planting to reduce the product by decreasing the water uptake. The main purpose of deficit irrigation is increasing the water use efficiency with decreasing applied water in each irrigation event.
Soil infiltration characteristics are very important in the design and management of furrow irrigation systems (Foroud et al., 1996; She et al., 2014). For this reason, extensive research have been done in the field of water infiltration and soil permeability process in surface irrigation (such as measuring and estimating the infiltration changes, advance time, recession time, surface storage, subsurface movement etc.). Soil infiltration changes over time affect the distribution uniformity of infiltrated water in the field, irrigation duration and finally irrigation efficiency in the furrow irrigation. Soil compaction and also cracking the furrow bottom after irrigation events are the main reasons for these changes, especially, after the initial irrigation events and under deficit irrigation conditions. Investigating the effect of deficit irrigation on the infiltration process and temporal infiltration changes and considering these changes in designing furrow irrigation systems is essential under water shortage condition. Therefore, the main purpose of this study was to investigate the temporal changes of Kostiakov-Lewis equation parameters under deficit irrigation conditions in different irrigation events during maize growing season.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Maize
  • Kostiakov-Lewis equation
  • Final infiltration rate
  • Irrigation event
  • IPARM model

مراجع

1-     Beven, K. and Germann, P., 1982. Macropores and water flow in soils. Water Resources Research, 18(5), pp.1311-1325.
 
2-     Childs, J., Wallender, W.W., and Hopmans, J.W., 1993. Spatial and seasonal variation of furrow infiltration. Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering, 119(1), pp.74-90.
 
3-     Dialameh, B., Parsinejad, M., Ebrahimian, H., and Mokhtari, A., 2018. Field comparison of infiltration in conventional and alternate furrow irrigation under various initial and boundary conditions. Irrigation and Drainage. 67(2), pp.156-165.
 
4-     Ebrahimian, H., 2014. Soil infiltration characteristics in alternate and conventional furrow irrigation using different estimation methods. KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering, 18(6), pp.1904-1911.
 
5-     Elliott, R.L., and Walker, W.R., 1982. Field evaluation of furrow infiltration and advance functions. Transactions of the ASAE, 25(2), pp.396-0400.
 
6-     Emdad, M.R., Shahabifar, M. and Fardad, H., 2007. Effect of Infiltration Temporal Changes on Furrow Irrigation Management. Soil Researches, 46(2), pp.24-32. (In Persian).
 
7-     Fereres, E., and Soriano, M.A., 2006. Deficit irrigation for reducing agricultural water use. Journal of Experimental Botany, 58(2), pp.147-159.
 
8-     Foroud, N., George, E.St. and Entz, T., 1996. Determination of infiltration rate from border irrigation advance and recession trajectories. Agricultural Water Management, 30, pp.133–142.
 
9-     Gillies, M.H., Smith, R.J. and Raine, S.R., 2007. Accounting for temporal inflow variation in the inverse solution for infiltration in surface irrigation. Irrigation Science. 25(2), pp.87-97.
 
10-  Gillies, M.H., Smith, R.J. and Raine, S.R., 2011. Evaluating whole field irrigation performance using statistical inference of inter-furrow infiltration variation. Biosystems Engineering, 110(2), pp.134-143.
 
11-  Hanson, B.R., Prichard, T.L. and Schulbach, H., 1993. Estimating furrow infiltration. Agricultural Water Management, 24(4), pp.281–298.
 
12-  Holzapfel, E.A., Jara, J., Zuniga, C., Marino, M.A., Paredes, J. and Billib, M., 2004. Infiltration parameters for furrow irrigation. Agricultural Water Management, 68(1), pp.19-32.
 
13-  Kheyrabi, J., Asadollahi, S., Entesari, M. and Salamat, A., 1996. Controlled Deficit Irrigation, Its Importance and Necessity in Iran Current Condition. In 8th Irrigation and Drainage Committee of Iran Conference, Tehran, Iran. 1(2), pp.271-290. (In Persian).
 
14-  Linderman, C.L., and Stegman, E.C., 1971. Seasonal variation of hydraulic parameters and their influence upon surface irrigation application efficiency. Transactions of the ASAE, 14(5), pp.914-0918.
 
15-  Mateos, L. and Oyonarte, N.A., 2005. A spreadsheet model to evaluate sloping furrow irrigation accounting for infiltration variability. Agricultural Water Management, 76(1), pp.62-75.
 
16-  Oyonarte, N.A. and Mateos, L., 2003. Accounting for soil variability in the evaluation of furrow irrigation. Transactions of ASAE, 46(1), pp.85-94.
 
17-  Raes, D. 2009. The ET0 Calculator, Reference Manual Version 3.1. Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations (FAO), Rome.
 
18-  Schwankl, L.J., Raghuwanshi, N.S. and Wallender, W.W., 2000. Furrow irrigation performance under spatially varying conditions. Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering, 126(6), pp.355-361.
 
19-  Sepahvand, A., Taaei, S.M., Mirnia, S. and Moradi, H., 2010. Assessing the Sensitivity of Infiltration Models to Soil Moisture Changes. Journal of Water and Soil (Agricultural Science and Industries), 25(2), pp.338-346. (In Persian).
 
20-  Sepaskhah A.R. and Afshar-Chamanabad, H., 2002. Determination of infiltration rate for every-other furrow irrigation. Biosystems Engineering, 82(4), pp.479–484.
 
21-  She, D.L., Liu, D.D., Xia, Y.Q. and Shao, M.A., 2014. Modeling effects of land use and vegetation density on soil water dynamics: implications on water resource management, Water Resources Management. 28, pp.2063–2076.
 
22-  Subbaiah, R. and Mashrum, H.H., 2013. Modeling for predicting soil wetting radius under point source surface trickle irrigation. Agricultural Engineering International, 15(3), pp.1–10.
 
23-  Valiantzas, J.D., 1994. Simple method for identification of border infiltration and roughness characteristics. Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering, 120(2), pp.233–249.
 
24-  Verdinejad, V., Besharat, S., Abghari, H. and Ahmadi, H., 2011. Determining the Maize Maximum Allowed Depletion in Various Growth Stages by Difference of Green Canopy Cover and Air’s Temperature. Journal of Water and Soil (Agricultural Science and Industries), 25(6), pp.1344-1352. (In Persian).
 
25-  Votrubova, J., Dohnal, M., Vogel, T., Tesar, M., Jelinkova, V. and Cislerova, M., 2017. Ponded infiltration in a grid of permanent single-ring infiltrometers: Spatial versus temporal variability. Journal of Hydrology and Hydromechanics, 65(3), pp.244-253.
 
26-  Walker, W.R. and Skogerboe, G., 1987. Surface Irrigation: Theory and Practice. Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey.
 
27-  Wang, W.H., Jiao, X.Y., Zhu, Y. and Li, F., 2009. Variability of roughness coefficient and its effect on border irrigation performance. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 25(16), pp.288-293.
 
28-  Zhu, Y., Jiao, X.Y., Wang, W.H. and Wang, S.F., 2009. Spatial variability of infiltration parameters and its influences on border irrigation performance, Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering. 28(3), pp.46-49.
 
Ziayi, Gh., Abbasi, F., Babazadeh, H. and Kaveh, F., 2016. Study on Temporal Changes of Water Infiltration Parameters in Furrow Irrigation. Journal of Iran Water and Soil Research, 47(2), pp.229-236. (In Persian).
علوم و مهندسی آبیاری
دوره 43، شماره 3
مهر 1399
صفحه 149-162

فایل ها

سابقه مقاله

  • تاریخ دریافت: 11 تیر 1397
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 05 خرداد 1398
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 11 خرداد 1398
  • تاریخ انتشار: 01 مهر 1399

هم رسانی

ارجاع به این مقاله

آمار