تعیین لایسیمتری ضریب گیاهی و تبخیرتعرق نخل خرما در سال‌های چهارم و پنجم رشد

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسنده

استادیار پژوهشکده خرما و میوه‌های گرمسیری، موسسه تحقیقات علوم باغبانی، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، اهواز، ایران.

چکیده

پایه و اساس برنامه‌ریزی دقیق به‌منظور استفاده بهینه از منابع آب در بخش کشاورزی، تعیین نیاز آبی گیاهان است. در این تحقیق، از یک لایسیمتر زهکش‌دار برای اندازه‌گیری تبخیرتعرق مرجع و سه لایسیمتر زهکش‌دار برای اندازه‌گیری تبخیرتعرق و تعیین ضریب گیاهی نخل خرمای رقم برحی در شهرستان اهواز استفاده شد. میزان تبخیرتعرق مرجع و نخل خرما در سال‌های چهارم و پنجم رشد، با استفاده از رابطه بیلان آب در خاک تعیین شد. نتایج نشان داد که میزان تبخیرتعرق نخل خرما در سال‌های چهارم و پنجم رشد به‌ترتیب معادل 4/666 و 7/961 میلی‌متر بود، ولی میزان تبخیرتعرق مرجع در سال‌های مذکور به‌ترتیب معادل 2/2006 و 1/1791 میلی‌متر شد. مقدار افزایش سالانه تبخیرتعرق نخل خرما در سال پنجم نسبت به سال چهارم رشد، برابر 3/44 درصد بود. بیشترین میزان تبخیرتعرق ماهانه گیاه برای سال‌های چهارم و پنجم رشد، در تیرماه وجود داشت، اما کمترین میزان تبخیرتعرق ماهانه گیاه برای سال‌ چهارم رشد در دی ماه و برای سال‌ پنجم رشد در بهمن ماه بود. مقدار ضریب گیاهی نخل خرما در سال چهارم رشد، بین 27/0 تا 56/0 و در سال پنجم رشد از 38/0 تا 91/0 متغیر بود. افزایش فعالیت‌های متابولیکی گیاه در اثر بالا رفتن سن گیاه می‌تواند علت اصلی افزایش میزان تبخیرتعرق و ضریب گیاهی نخل خرما در سال پنجم رشد باشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Lysimertic determination of crop coefficient and evapotranspiration of date palm in the fourth and fifth years of growth

نویسنده [English]

  • Majid Alihouri
Assistant Professor, Date Palm and Tropical Fruits Research Center, Horticultural Sciences Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Ahvaz, Iran.
چکیده [English]

The date palm area and fruit production in Iran are 253697 hectares and 1223142 tons, respectively. According to the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), Iran has ranked second in the world in date cultivation and production. Accurate planning is important for optimized use of water resources in the agricultural sector of Iran. The Basis for this planning is determination of water requirements of plants. The irrigation program can be adjusted correctly, the optimal amount of water can be provided for the plant, and  a few other problems such as excess watering or water stress can be prevented by accurate specifying of plant water requirement.
The most common direct method for determining evapotranspiration is to use the principle of water balance in a controlled volume of soil or lysimeter. In lysimeter, conditions of water, soil and plant are determined more accurately than in the soil’s natural environment (Tripler et al., 2011). This research was carried out to determine the precise amount of crop coefficient and evapotranspiration of Barhee date palm in the fourth and fifth years of growth.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Consumed water
  • Date palm plantation
  • Reference evapotraspiration
  • Water requirement
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