کاربرد مدل فیزیکی در شبیه سازی روش غرقاب دائم و متناوب خاک‌های شور و سدیمی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری فیزیک و حفاظت خاک، گروه خاکشناسی، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران.

2 استاد گروه خاکشناسی، واحد علوم‎ وتحقیقات، دانشگاه آزاداسلامی، تهران، ایران.

3 استادیار گروه خاکشناسی، واحد اراک، دانشگاه آزاداسلامی، تهران، ایران.

چکیده

 شوری و سدیمی بودن خاک یکی از مشکلات بارز در خاک‌های مناطق خشک و نیمه‌خشک است. آبشویی نمک‌های محلول، یکی از روش‌های اصلاح و به‌سازی خاک‌های شور و سدیمی است. هدف از این پژوهش، تعیین میزان آب آب­شویی لازم به دو روش غرقاب دایم و متناوب، مقایسه این دو روش با یکدیگر، با توجه به ویژگی‌های خاک قبل از آب­شویی روی خاک‌های استان مرکزی بوده است. به­منظور تهیه نمونه خاک در هر منطقه، تعداد پنج نمونه، از سطح تا عمق نیم متری از پروفیل خاک با فواصل ده سانتی‌متری، برداشت شد. نمونه‌‌های خاک به همان ترتیبی که از نیم­رخ خاک برداشت شده بودند، درون استوانه‌هایی که به این منظور طراحی شدند، قرار داده شد. عملیات آب­شویی به میزان 50 سانتی‌متر در پنج تناوب انجام شد. هدایت الکتریکی و نسبت جذب سدیم خاک پس از آب­شویی اندازه‌گیری و با مقادیر این دو پارامتر قبل از آب­شویی مقایسه گردید. به‌منظور تعیین مناسب‌ترین روش آب­شویی آزمون آماری مقایسه میانگین دانت انجام گردید. نتایج نشان داد که آبشویی باعث شوری‌زدایی و سدیم‌زدایی شده به‌طوری‌که به طور متوسط تا عمق مورد نظر، شوری خاک از 12/20 به 80/7 dS/m در روش غرقاب دایم و 63/5 dS/m در روش متناوب کاهش یافته و هم‌چنین درصد سدیم تبادلی از 35/40 به 11/37 در روش غرقاب دایم و 18/29 در روش متناوب کاهش یافته است. نتایج نشان داد که آب­شویی نمک‌های محلول به روش متناوب در هر سه منطقه راندمان بالاتری داشته و می‌توان روش غرقاب متناوب را برای آب­شویی خاک‌های منطقه مورد مطالعه توصیه نمود

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

Application of physical model to simulate of permanent and intermittent leaching of saline and sodic soils

نویسندگان [English]

  • Dorna Satar-Brojeni 1
  • Hossein Babazadeh 2
  • Ebrahim Pazira 2
  • Anahita Polous 3
1 PhD Candidate of Soil physics and conservation, Dept. of Soil Science, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
2 Associate Professor, Department of Water Science and Engineering, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
3 Associate Professor of Soil Science, Arak Branch, Islamic Azad University, Arak, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Salt-affected soils have gained a major global-regional-national-ecosystem-farm level concern (Hossain, 2018). One of the important options in leaching is to precisely determine the volume of water required due to the problem of water scarcity (Karandish, 2016; Babazadeh et al., 2017). The aim of this study was to evaluate the amount of leaching water in two continuous and intermittent methods to compare these two methods with each other and with pre-leaching soil characteristics on three series of saline soils of Mighan plain in Markazi province with different texture. Leaching operations were performed using the methods described in 50 cm in 5 alterations. Electrical conductivity and soil sodium absorption ratio after leaching were measured and compared with these two parameters before leaching. Also, in order to determine the most appropriate leaching method, Dunnett multiple comparison test was performed in three areas and five soil depths. The results of this study showed that, on average to the desired depth, leaching improved soil salinity and sodicity so that soil salinity was reduced from 20.12 ds/m to 7.80 ds/m in continuous leaching method and to 5.63 ds/m in intermittent method and exchangeable sodium percentage was declined from 40.35 to 37.11 in continuous leaching method and to 29.18 in intermittent method. The lack of decrease in exchangeable sodium percentage due to the decline in soluble salts and relative abundance of sodium ion in soil solution after leaching which confirms the study of soluble cations in the soil. It is resulted that, intermitted leaching method has better leaching efficiency in all three areas and can be recommended for leaching the soils of the study area.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Leaching efficiency
  • Salty and sodic soil
  • Soil depth
  • Leaching depth
  • Leaching method
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دوره 45، شماره 1
اردیبهشت 1401
صفحه 49-64
  • تاریخ دریافت: 27 آذر 1398
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 10 مرداد 1399
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 12 مرداد 1399
  • تاریخ انتشار: 01 اردیبهشت 1401