نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 استادیار، گروه مهندسی عمران، واحد ورزقان، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، ورزقان، ایران.
2 استاد، گروه مهندسی آب، قطب علمی هیدروانفورماتیک، دانشکده مهندسی عمران، دانشگاه تبریز، تبریز، ایران و استاد، مهندسین مشاور فرازآب، تبریز، ایران
3 استاد، گروه مهندسی آب، دانشگاه صنعتی اصفهان، اصفهان، ایران.
4 دانشیار، دانشکده مهندسی عمران، دانشگاه تبریز، تبریز، ایران.
5 استادیار، گروه مهندسی عمران، دانشگاه بناب، بناب، ایران.
چکیده
کلیدواژه‌ها
موضوعات
عنوان مقاله [English]
نویسندگان [English]
Accurate prediction of dam breach parameters in embankment dams is an essential step in the risk management plan. Overtopping and piping are the leading causes of embankment failure in the world. The failure of this type of dam is typically proposed by hydrological and hydraulic computational models of the dam (Wahl, 1998). The relationships for assessing the breach and flow characteristics are generally obtained by artificial intelligence and regression analysis from case studies of historical dam failure. These models relate the input parameters such as the dam height (Hw) and the flow volume through the breach (Vw) to the observed breach parameters resulting from the actual failures. Several relationships have been proposed to calculate Qp as a function of Hw and Vw (De Lorenzo & Macchione, 2014; Hagen, 1982; Kirkpatrick, 1977; Singh & Snorrason, 1984; Hakimzadeh et al., 2014). Downstream sediment transport studies show that breach geometry directly affects the output hydrograph. Investigations on historical records for Qp determination show that Hw and Vw could provide more accurate results than El and Ew. Moreover, the combination of these parameters significantly increases computational accuracy (Thornton et al., 2011; Wang et al., 2018). Several laboratory and field studies have been performed to investigate the hydraulic properties of the breach and the output hydrograph in overtopping failure cases (Dhiman & Patra, 2017; Sadeghi et al., 2020; Vaskinn et al., 2004). Determination of the average breach width (Bave) is an essential factor in determining progressive erosion (Von Thun & Gillette, 1990; Froehlich, 1995) as well as the height of breach (Hb). The range of variation in Bave as a function of the dam height (Hd) is an important issue in the breach lateral evolution process (Johnson & Illes, 1976; Singh & Snorrason, 1984).
کلیدواژه‌ها [English]
2- Azimi, R., Vatankhah, A.R. and Kouchakzadeh, S., 2015. Predicting peak discharge from breached embankment dams. In E-Proc. 36th IAHR World Congress, Hague.
3- Chanson, H. and Wang, H. 2013. Unsteady discharge calibration of a large V-notch weir. Flow Measurement and Instrumentation, 29, 19-24.
4- Chow, V. T. 1959. Open-channel Hydraulics, McGraw-Hill.
5- Coleman, S. E., Webby, M. G. and Andrews, D. P. 2004. Closure to “overtopping breaching of noncohesive homogeneous embankments” by stephen e. Coleman, darryl p. Andrews, and m. Grant webby. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 130, 374-376.
6- De Lorenzo, G. and Macchione, F. 2014. Formulas for the peak discharge from breached earthfill dams. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 140, 56-67.
7- Dhiman, S. and Patra, K. C. 2017. Experimental study of embankment breach based on its construction parameters. Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci. Discuss., 2017, 1-26.
8- Foster, M., Fell, R. and Spannagle, M. 2000. A method for assessing the relative likelihood of failure of embankment dams by piping. Canadian Geotechnical Journal, 37, 1025-1061.
9- Fread, D. L. 1988. BREACH: An Erosion Model for Earthen Dam Failure. Silver Spring, M.A., USA: National Water Service (NWS) Report.
10- Froehlich, D. C. 2008. Embankment dam breach parameters and their uncertainties. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 134, 1708-1721.
11- Gupta, S. K. and Singh, V. P. 2012. Discussion of Enhanced predictions for peak outflow from breached embankment dams by Christopher I. Thornton, Michael W. Pierce, and Steven R. Abt. Journal of Hydrologic Engineering, 17, 463-466.
12- Hagen, V.K., 1982. Re-evaluation of design floods and dam safety: Fourteenth ICOLD Congress. Rio de Janiero.
13-Hakimzadeh, H., Nourani, V. and Babaeian Amini, A. 2014. Genetic programming simulation of dam breach hydrograph and peak outflow discharge. Journal of Hydrologic Engineering, 19, 757-768.
14-Hanson, G. J. 2005. Physical modeling of overtopping erosion and breach formation of cohesive embankments. Transactions of the ASAE, v. 48, pp. 1783-1794-2005 v.48 no.5.
15-Hassanzadeh, Y. 2005. Dam-Break Hydraulics , Publication No. 63, Tehran, Iran, Iranian National Committee on Large Dams (in Persian).
16- Hooshyaripor, F. and Tahershamsi, A. 2012. Comparing the performance of neural networks for predicting peak outflow from breached embankments when back propagation algorithms meet evolutionary algorithms. International Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 1, 55-67.
17- Hunt, S. L., Hanson, G. J., Cook, K. R. and Kadavy, K. C. 2005. Breach widening observations from earthen embankment tests. Transactions of the ASAE, 48, 1115-1120.
18- Johnson, F. A. and Illes, P. 1976. A classification of dam failures. Water Power and Dam Construction, 28, 43-45.
19- Kirkpatrick, G. W. 1977. Evaluation guidelines for spillway adequacy. The evaluation of dam safety, Engineering Foundation Conference, ASCE. New York.
20- Kouzehgar, K. 2021. Investigation of Erosional Earthfill Dam Break using Physical, Mathematical, and Soft Calculations. Ph.D Thesis., Islamic Azad University, Najafabad Branch (in Persian).
21- Kouzehgar, K., Hassanzadeh, Y., Eslamian, S., Yousefzadeh Fard, M. and Babaeian Amini, A. 2021(a). Physical modeling into outflow hydrographs and breach characteristics of homogeneous earthfill dams failure due to overtopping. Journal of Mountain Science, 18, 462-481.
22- Kouzehgar, K., Hassanzadeh, Y., Eslamian, S., Yousefzadeh Fard, M. and Babaeian Amini, A. 2021(b). Experimental investigations and soft computations for predicting the erosion mechanisms and peak outflow discharge caused by embankment dam breach. Arabian Journal of Geosciences, 14, 616.
23- MacDonald, T. C. and Langrdge‐Monopolis, J. 1984. Breaching charateristics of dam failures. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 110, 567-586.
24- Mahmoud, M., Bukhary, A., Ramadan, A. and Al-Zahrani, M. 2017. Prediction of Breach Peak Outflow and Failure Time Using Artificial Neural Network Approach, Barcelona, Spain, Conference: 2nd World Congress on Civil, Structural, and Environmental Engineering (CSEE’17).
25- Morris, M. W. 2011. Breaching of earth embankments and dams. Ph.D. Dissertation, Open University.
26- Morris, M. W., Hassan, M. A. A. M. and Vaskinn, K. A. 2007. Breach formation: Field test and laboratory experiments. Journal of Hydraulic Research, 45, 9-17.
27- Peng, M. and Zhang, L. M. 2012. Breaching parameters of landslide dams. Landslides, 9, 13-31.
28- Peng, M., Zhang, L. M., Chang, D. S. and Shi, Z. M. 2014. Engineering risk mitigation measures for the landslide dams induced by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake. Engineering Geology, 180, 68-84.
29- Pierce
, M. W., Thronton, C. I. and Abt, S. R. 2010. Predicting peak outflow from breached embankment dams. Journal of Hydrologic Engineering, 15, 338-349.
30- Ranjbar, A., Khalili, D., Zand Parsa, S. and Kamkar Haghighi, A. A. 2015. Regional drought monitoring based on the inflow to the Dorodzan dam reservoir in Fars province (in Persian). Journal of Irrigation Sciences and Engineering, 38, 79-96.
31- Sadeghi, S., Hakimzadeh, H. and Babaeian, A. 2020. Experimental investigation into outflow hydrographs of nonhomogeneous earth dam breaching due to overtopping. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 146, 04019049.
32- Sattar, A. M. A. 2013. Gene expression models for prediction of dam breach parameters. Journal of Hydroinformatics, 16, 550-571.
33- Shen, D., Shi, Z., Peng, M., Zhang, L. and Jiang, M. 2020. Longevity analysis of landslide dams. Landslides, 17, 1797-1821.
34- Shi, Z. M., Guan, S. G., Peng, M., Zhang, L. M., Zhu, Y. and Cai, Q. P. 2015. Cascading breaching of the Tangjiashan landslide dam and two smaller downstream landslide dams. Engineering Geology, 193, 445-458.
35- Singh, K. P. and Snorrason, A. 1984. Sensitivity of outflow peaks and flood stages to the selection of dam breach parameters and simulation models. Journal of Hydrology, 68, 295-310.
36- Singh, V. P. 2013. Dam Breach Modeling Technology, Springer Netherlands.
37- Thornton, C. I., Pierce, M. W. and Abt, S. R. 2011. Enhanced predictions for peak outflow from breached embankment dams. Journal of Hydrologic Engineering, 16, 81-88.
38- Vaskinn, K. A., Lovoll, A., Hoeg, K., Morris, M., Hanson, G. J. and Hassan, M. A. 2004. Physical modeling of breach formation: large scale field tests, Dam safety. Proceedings of the Association of State Dam Safety Officials, Phoenix, Arizona, USA.
39- Wahl, T. L. 1998. Prediction of Embankment Dam Breach Parameters: A Literature Review and Needs Assessment. DSO-98-004, Dam Safety Research Report. Denver, Co., USA.
40- Wahl, T. L. 2004. Uncertainty of predictions of embankment dam breach parameters. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 130, 389-397.
41- Wahl, T. L. 2014. Evaluation of Erodibility-Based Embankment Dam Breach Equations, Hydraulic Laboratory Report HL-2014-02. Denver, Colorado: United.States Bureau of Reclamation.
42- Walder, J. S., Iverson, R. M., Godt, J. W., Logan, M. and Solowitz, S. A. 2015. Controls on the breach geometry and flood hydrograph during overtopping of noncohesive earthen dams. Water Resources Research, 51, 6701-6724.
43- Walder, J. S. and O'Connor, J. E. 1997. Methods for predicting peak discharge of floods caused by failure of natural and constructed earthen dams. Water Resources Research, 33, 2337-2348.
44- Wang, B., Chen, Y., Wu, C., Peng, Y., Song, J., Liu, W. and Liu, X. 2018. Empirical and semi-analytical models for predicting peak outflows caused by embankment dam failures. Journal of Hydrology, 562, 692-702.
45- Wu, W. 2013. Simplified physically based model of earthen embankment breaching. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 139, 837-851.
46- Xu, Y. and Zhang, L. M. 2009. Breaching parameters for earth and rockfill dams. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, 135, 1957-1970.
47- Zhang, L., Peng, M., Chang, D. and Xu, Y. 2016. Dam Failure Mechanisms and Risk Assessment, John Wiley & Sons.
48- Zhang, L. M., Peng, M. and Xu, Y. 2010. Assessing risks of breaching of earth dams and natural landslide dams. Indian Geotechnical Conference, GEOtrendz, 2010 India. 16-18.
49- Zhong, Q., Chen, S. and Deng, Z. 2017. Numerical model for homogeneous cohesive dam breaching due to overtopping failure. Journal of Mountain Science, 14, 571-580.
)
