بررسی حجم آب کاربردی، بهره‌‌وری فیزیکی و اقتصادی آب در باغات انجیر کشور

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشیار پژوهش مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی همدان، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، همدان، ایران.

2 استاد پژوهش، موسسه تحقیقات فنی و مهندسی کشاورزی، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی،کرج، ایران.

3 استادیار بخش تحقیقات خاک و آب، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان کرمانشاه، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرمانشاه، ایران.

4 استادیار پژوهش، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان فارس، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، فارس، ایران.

5 استادیار پژوهش، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان کرمان، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرمان، ایران.

6 استادیار پژوهش، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان خوزستان، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، اهواز، ایران.

7 دانشیار پژوهش، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان ‌آذربایجان شرقی، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، تبریز، ایران.

چکیده

انجیر به‌دلیل ارزش غذایی، عملکرد و ارزش اقتصادی بالا و مقاومت به شرایط نامناسب اقلیمی از محصولات عمده باغی کشور است. در رابطه با حجم آب کاربردی و بهره‌وری آب این محصول در کشور، مطالعه جامعی صورت نگرفته است. لذا این پژوهش، باهدف تعیین حجم آب آبیاری و بهره‌وری فیزیکی و اقتصادی آب انجیر، تحت مدیریت بهره‌برداران در قطب‌های تولید این محصول اجرا شد. بدین‌منظور تعداد 100 باغ در استان‌های لرستان، کرمانشاه، فارس، کرمان و خوزستان در طول فصل زراعی 1399-1398 مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفتند. حجم آب آبیاری در مناطق مورد مطالعه از 7706  تا 13471 مترمکعب بر هکتار متغیر و میانگین آن 10428 مترمکعب بر هکتار شد. روش آبیاری قطره‌ای نسبت به روش آبیاری سطحی به میزان 6/23 درصد حجم آب کاربردی را کاهش داده است. بهره‌وری آب در مناطق تولید انجیر از 3/0 تا 58/1 کیلوگرم بر مترمکعب متغیر و متوسط آن 16/1 کیلوگرم بر مترمکعب بود. میزان بهره‌وری آب در روش آبیاری قطره‌ای و سطحی به‌ترتیب 58/1 و 99/0 کیلوگرم بر مترمکعب تعیین شد. میانگین بهره‌وری خالص و ناخالص اقتصادی آب در مناطق مورد مطالعه به‌ترتیب 9/50 و 2/111 هزار ریال به ازای هر مترمکعب آب بود. میانگین نیاز خالص آبیاری در مناطق مورد مطالعه به‌روش پنمن مانتیث و سند ملی به‌ترتیب 749 و 696 میلی‌متر تعیین شد. استفاده از سامانه آبیاری قطره‌ای بجای سامانه آبیاری سطحی که باعث کاهش 6/23 درصدی در آب مصرفی و افزایش 60 درصدی در بهره‌وری آب می‌شود، توصیه می‌شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

Investigation of applied water, physical and economic productivity of water in fig orchards

نویسندگان [English]

  • Ali Ghadami Firouzabadi 1
  • Fariborz Abbasi 2
  • Mehdi Jovzi 3
  • Behroz Aboulpour 4
  • Nader koohi 5
  • Amir Eslami 4
  • Peyman Varjavand 6
  • Abolfazl Naseri 7
1 Associate Professor of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering, Agricultural Engineering Research Department, Hamedan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Hamedan, Iran.
2 Professor of Agricultural Engineering Research Institute (AERI), Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran.
3 Assistant Professor, soil and water Research Department, Kermanshah Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Kermanshah, Iran.
4 Assistant Professor, Agricultural Engineering Research Department, Fars Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Fars, Iran.
5 Assistant Professor, Agricultural Engineering Research Department, Kerman Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Kerman, Iran.
6 Assistant Professor, Agricultural Engineering Research Department, Ahvaz Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Ahvaz, Iran.
7 Associate Professor, Agricultural Engineering Research Department, East Azerbaijan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Tabriz, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Figs are one of the main horticultural products in Iran due to their high nutritional value, high yield and economic value, and resistance to adverse climatic conditions. About one million tons of figs are produced annually in the world, Iran is the fifth largest producer of this product in the world (FAO, 2018). In addition to the above, the agricultural sector in Iran, like many countries, is the main consumer of water from renewable water sources. But there are not exact information on the volume of irrigation applied water and water productivity of this product in Iran. Therefore, this study was conducted with the aim of measurement of applied water at field scale and evaluation of water productivity of figs orchards at selected provinces in Iran.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Productivity
  • Penman-Monteith
  • Economic Analysis
  • Water Requierement
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